Modern Languages and Literatures

Courses offered by the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures include French, German, Japanese, Spanish and Linguistics. Linguistics, cinema, and some literature and civilization courses are offered in English. Students can also benefit from our exchange programs in France, Germany, Spain and Japan. The courses offered in each of these disciplines, as well as the Majors, Minors and Honours programmes available, are outlined under each discipline heading. An interdisciplinary Major in Modern Languages is also offered, as outlined below.

Students who plan to specialize in one or more languages by electing a Minor, Major, or Honours programme should declare their specialization to the Office of Student Services by the end of their first year of University studies. They should also visit the programme advisor in the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures before registering for second year, since most programmes require the advisor's approval of optional courses.

MODERN LANGUAGES

Interdisciplinary B.A. Programme

MAJOR AREA OF STUDY in MODERN LANGUAGES is 60 credits earned as follows:

3	from Linguistics 2001
3	from Linguistics 3001, 3011 or Latin
36	twelve credits in each of French, German and Spanish, including at least 6 language credits at the 3000 level in each (the current offerings are French 3101, 3111, 3151, 3161, 4001, 4011, German 3000, Spanish 3101, 3111)
18	additional credits in language and literature, given in those same three languages and Linguistics. Linguistics 3001 is especially recommended. (Students entering at the elementary level will count their 1000 level courses in this group, while those entering with advanced standing will add courses at the 3000 level.)

Note: The listing of a course in the calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note: Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department or Programme Coordinator must be obtained.

FRENCH STUDIES

Mount Allison offers an extensive French Studies programme, within the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, with a variety of language and literature courses which increase the students' awareness of the French and French-Canadian cultures while developing their ability to function in the second language. To this end, all courses (with the exception of FREN 1801) are taught in French.

The courses at first and second year levels provide the opportunity to establish a sound foundation in oral and written French. The study of grammar, at these levels, is reinforced by practice in the language laboratory. Several of the courses at the 3000 and 4000 levels are specifically intended to refine the students' command of spoken and written French, while the other courses deal with the various areas of French literature, French-Canadian literature and the theories of literary criticism. A series of prizes and medals are awarded each year to students who distinguish themselves in French Studies.

The Department sponsors other programmes and activities which support and enrich the course programme:

Le Cercle français
Le Ciné-Club
Guest speakers (Jean Bousquet Lecture Series)
Tintamarre, a bilingual theatrical troupe
La Maison française (a French-language residence)
French programming, CHMA-FM Radio
Study Abroad Programme at Université de Strasbourg, France
Certificate of Bilingualism (see Section H under Degrees and Certificates)

PLACEMENT IN FRENCH

Placement of students in their first French course will be decided on the basis of a French Language Skills Assessment given by the Department. All students who have not studied French at Mount Allison previously must complete this assessment before registering for a course in French. The Skills Assessment is available on-line at <http://www.mta.ca/frenchplacement/> . Alternatively, a paper copy may be obtained by mail or fax from the Secretary of the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, (506) 364-2478 Students completing Majors, Minors, or Honours programmes in French should be aware that any exemptions from 1/2000 level courses obtained through the placement process must be replaced on their programmes by credits at the upper levels.

Disciplinary B.A. Programmes

Important note for advanced students: Students who have completed FREN 2401 or who have been placed in FREN 2501 may enrol for FREN 2501 and 2601 concurrently.

MINOR in French is 24 credits earned as follows:

6	French 1700, if required by placement;
9	French 2401, 2501, 2601
3	French 3101
6	from French language and/or literature at the 3/4000 level.

Note: French 1801 and 2201 may only be included in the requirements for a minor if French 1700 is not required by placement. If an exemption is granted from any of the language courses, replacement credits must be obtained in other French courses at the 3/4000 levels.

MAJOR AREA OF STUDY in French is 60 credits earned as follows:

9	from French 2401, 2501, 2601 (3 courses)
15	from French language courses at the 3/4000 level (5 courses)
18	from French literature chosen from at least 2 centuries (series 3200 through 3600) and including 3 credits from the 3700 series and 3 credits from 3700 or 3800 series (6 courses)
18	from complementary courses in Arts & Letters and/or Humanities, including French 1700, if required by placement, French 1801 and 2201

Note: All complementary courses must be chosen in consultation with the Programme Advisor.

HONOURS in French is 66 credits earned as follows:

9	French 2401, 2501, 2601
15	from French language at 3/4000 levels
18	from French 3200, 3300, 3400, 3500, 3600 series, including at least 3 credits in four of the five series
3	from French 3700 series
3	from the 3700 or 3800 series (other than 3801)
3	French 3801 (Critique Littéraire);
6	in French 4990 (Mémoire)
9	from French at the 3/4000 level and Linguistics, chosen in consultation with the Programme Advisor

Note: The listing of a course in the calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

FRENCH COURSES

FREN 1100 (6CR)
COMMUNICATING IN FRENCH I
(for Continuing and Distance Education Students Only) A study of fundamental structures and vocabulary, emphasizing the development of basic speaking, reading and writing skills. In addition to the three hours of class per week, students will be responsible for at least an hour of independent oral language study.

FREN 1600 (6CR)
PREPARATORY FRENCH
Intended for those who have previous familiarity with basic French but need substantial reinforcement. Intensive study of the fundamental structures and vocabulary of French, with emphasis on speaking and writing correctly, using simple sentences and basic complex sentences. Practice in reading for comprehension. Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun. Instruction will be in French.
Prereq: Placement by the Department. A minimum standard of achievement on the Placement Test is required.

FREN 1700 (6CR)
INTERMEDIATE FRENCH
An intensive approach to the development of communication skills through the integration of grammar study, writing practice, and oral exercises. The study of written and oral language will be reinforced by analysis and discussion of readings. Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun. Instruction will be in French.
Prereq: FREN 1600, or placement by the Department.

FREN 1801 (3CR)
ASPECTS OF MODERN FRENCH CULTURE
Presented in English, this course aims to acquaint students with some of the issues and debates that help us to understand French culture, its changing nature and its place in the modern world. Although some attention is paid to French history, politics and society, the primary goal of the course is to explore the multitude of voices that both define and divide modern France. There is no placement test requirement for this course.
Prereq: None. Reading knowledge of French is desirable but not essential.

FREN 2100 (6CR)
COMMUNICATING IN FRENCH II
(for Continuing and Distance Education Students Only) An extensive study of grammar and idiomatic constructions, with emphasis on the development of vocabulary, speaking and writing. In addition to the three hours of class per week, students will be responsible for at least one hour of independent oral language study. Instruction will be in French.
Prereq: FREN 1100, or permission of the Department.

FREN 2201 (3CR)
LE CINÉMA DU MONDE FRANCOPHONE
A study of films and film makers of the French speaking world, ranging from screen adaptations of literary works to an exploration of cultural issues, and an introduction to film theory and aesthetics. This course is taught in French. Written work may be submitted in English.
Prereq: FREN 1700 or equivalent by placement.

FREN 2401 (3CR)
LANGUE ET LECTURES
This course requires that students already have a good command of the fundamental aspects of French in both its spoken and written forms. Its objectives are: (1) to enhance the expression of more complex thought through the study and practice of appropriate sentence structures, such as hypothetical statements, subordinate constructions and sentences requiring the subjunctive; (2) to improve skills in reading works of literature by examining themes, characters and techniques; (3) to practice oral expression. Students will read short fiction, poetry and a play, and there will be written exercises designed to integrate language practice and appreciation of literature. Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun.
Prereq: FREN 1700; or placement by the Department.

FREN 2501 (3CR)
INITIATION A LA COMPOSITION
This course provides an introduction to composition in French. It includes practice in writing letters and short narrative, descriptive and expository texts. It also provides practice in writing longer compositions, with emphasis on introduction, conclusion and organization of content. The study of model texts, both literary and non-literary, will familiarize students with grammatical structures and composition techniques in written French.
Prereq: FREN 2401 (FREN 2100 for Continuing and Distance Education Students); or placement by the Department.

FREN 2601 (3CR)
INITIATION A L'ANALYSE LITTÉRAIRE
This course continues the studies begun in French 2401 by further developing skills in reading and analysis. It provides an introduction to literary interpretation and various current approaches to literature. These approaches are applied to selected literary works from different periods and genres.
Prereq: FREN 2501 and 2601 may be taken concurrently, or permission of the Department

FREN 3000 SERIES ()

Prereq: FREN 2501 for 3101 and 3151; FREN 2601 for literature courses (3201 through 3881); or permission of the Department.

FREN 3101 (3CR)
LE FRANÇAIS ÉCRIT (AVANCÉ) I
Intensive review of French grammar with particular attention to features of special difficulty for anglophones. Practice in both grammatical structures and idiomatic usage.
Prereq: FREN 2501; or permission of the Department

FREN 3111 (3CR)
LE FRANÇAIS ÉCRIT (AVANCÉ) II
Writing practice and composition; the idiomatic use of French in a variety of contexts: informal prose, expository writing, technical language, literary language. Vocabulary and style exercises.
Prereq: FREN 3101; or permission of the Department

FREN 3151 (3CR)
EXPRESSIVITÉ I
A course designed for students at the advanced level who have a serious desire to speak French with enhanced clarity, spontaneity and colour. A systematic study of phonological and prosodic features of French, both international and Canadian.
Prereq: FREN 2501; or permission of the Department

FREN 3161 (3CR)
EXPRESSIVITÉ II
The objectives are similar to those of Expressivité I, but special emphasis will be placed on the acquisition of specific and varied vocabularies, on the study of Canadian variants, and on a variety of exercises designed to help students speak French with greater confidence.
Prereq: FREN 3151; or permission of the Department

FREN 3201 (3CR)
MOYEN-AGE ET RENAISSANCE: ÉPOPÉE, ROMAN ET POÉSIE
Selected works from the 11th to the 16th centuries representative of diverse narrative and lyrical traditions: epic poetry, novel, lyric poetry, fabliaux and satire. Works and authors studied may include, but are not limited to: La Chanson de Roland, Chrétien de Troyes, Marie de France, Rabelais, Marguerite de Navarre, François Villon, Louise Labé, Pierre Ronsard, and others.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3271 (3CR)
LES DÉBUTS DU THÉATRE EN FRANCE
Study of the origins of modern French theatre from the 12th to the 17th centuries including religious drama, miracle plays, mystery plays, farce, comedy and tragedy. Representative works and authors will be chosen from among: Le Jeu d'Adam, Adam de la Halle, Rutebeuf, La Farce de Maître Pathelin, La Farce du Cuvier, Gréban, Bèze, Garnier, Jodelle, Larivey, Corneille: L'Illusion comique.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3321 (3CR)
BAROQUE ET CLASSICISME
Selected works from the lyrical, humanists, moralist and prose fiction currents from the end of the 16th century through the 17th century. Authors studied may include Montaigne, Descartes, Pascal, Scarron, Mlle de Scudéry, Furetière, Mme de Lafayette, Mme de Sévigné, La Fontaine et La Bruyère.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3371 (3CR)
LE THÉATRE CLASSIQUE
A study of comedy and tragedy in the seventeenth century concentrating on selected works of Molière, Corneille and Racine.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3401 (3CR)
LE ROMAN DU DIX-HUTIEME SIECLE
A study of the birth of the modern novel, drawing on the works of Lesage, Marivaux, Prévost, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, Laclos, Sade, Diderot.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3421 (3CR)
LES PHILOSOPHES
Study of the development of the philosophical movement in literature during the 18th century and concentrating on representative works of Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau and the Encyclopaedists.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3471 (3CR)
LE THÉATRE DU DIX-HUITIEME SIECLE
A study of the principal developments in the theatre during the 18th century. Representative works of playwrights, from among: Voltaire, Marivaux, Beaumarchais, La Chaussée, Sedaine, Lesage, Diderot.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3501 (3CR)
LE ROMANTISME
Study of the Romantic movement during the first half of the 19th century in the novel, theatre and poetry. Representative authors and works from among: Chateaubriand, Stendhal, Balzac, Hugo, Lamartine, Vigny, Musset, Gautier.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3521 (3CR)
LE RÉALISME ET LE NATURALISME
Study of the novel and short fiction during the second half of the 19th century. Representative authors and works from among: Flaubert, Zola, les frères Goncourt, de Maupassant and Daudet.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3551 (3CR)
LA POÉSIE DE BAUDELAIRE A VALÉRY
The major currents in lyric poetry during the second half of the 19th century. Representative authors and works from among: Baudelaire, Nerval, Lautréamont, Verlaine, Rimbaud, Mallarmé, Moréas, Laforgue and Valéry.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3601 (3CR)
LE ROMAN DE 1900 A 1945
Study of the major currents in the novel through the Second World War. Representative authors and works from among: Proust, Gide, Mauriac, Malraux, Saint Exupéry, Colette, Céline, Breton, and Leiris.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3611 (3CR)
LE ROMAN DE 1945 JUSQU'AU PRÉSENT
Study of the major currents in the novel since the Second World War. Representative authors and works from among: Sartre, Camus, Butor, Beckett, Sarraute, Robbe-Grillet, Tournier, Duras, and Ernaux.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3651 (3CR)
LA POÉSIE DU VINGTIEME SIECLE
Study of the major currents in lyric poetry of the 20th century. Representative authors and works from among: Apollinaire, Breton, Char, Michaux, Prévert, St.-John Perse, Eluard, Ponge, Guillevic, Bonnefoy, Boucher, Dupin, Jaccottet, Supervielle.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3671 (3CR)
LE THÉATRE DU VINGTIEME SIECLE
Study of the major currents of 20th century theatre. Representative authors and works from among: Anouilh, Arrabal, Camus, Genet, Grumberg, Ionesco, Jarry, Koltès, Schmitt, Tilly, and Vitrac.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3711 (3CR)
ROMAN QUÉBECOIS
Study of the main currents in the novel of Québec. Representative authors and works from among: Roy, Lemelin, Thériault, Besette, Blais, Carrier, Godbout, Hébert, Aquin, and others.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3751 (3CR)
LA POÉSIE DU CANADA FRANÇAIS
Study of the main currents and works of poetry of French Canada in the 19th and 20th centuries. Representative poets and works from among: Nelligan, les poètes de l'Hexagone, Saint-Denys Garneau, Hébert, Miron, Giguère, Vigneault, and others.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3771 (3CR)
THÉATRE DU CANADA FRANÇAIS
Study of the principal currents and works of the theatre of French Canada. Representative authors and works from among: Bouchard, Dubé, Garneau, Gélinas, Germain, Ducharme, Laberge, Tremblay and Maillet.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3801 (3CR)
LA CRITIQUE LITTÉRAIRE FRANÇAISE
An introduction to the principal methods of modern and contemporary French literary criticism. The course includes representative approaches from among structuralism, feminism, hermeneutics, socio-marxism, and post-structuralism.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3821 (3CR)
L'ÉCRITURE AU FÉMININ: ÉCRIVAINES D'EXPRESSION FRANÇAISE
Study of literary works by women writers of French expression chosen from any time period(s) from the Middle Ages to the present. The focus, to be determined by the instructor, may be as narrow as works from one geographical region written during a well defined and limited time frame or as broad as a comparative study of works from different time periods and different geographical areas. The approach and methodology will be based on feminist theory and reflect feminist perspectives.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3831 (3CR)
LITTÉRATURE DU MONDE FRANCOPHONE
Selected works from the French-speaking world outside Metropolitan France and Québec. The syllabus will be chosen by the instructor and may be comparative or focus on one or more geographic areas such as Acadia, other Canadian regions, the Caribbean, North Africa, Central and West Africa, Asia or French-speaking Europe.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 3881 (3CR)
ÉCRIVAINS ET ÉCRITURES
A study of French writers who have written on the dialectic of writing and reading. Texts studied will be from different periods and may include theoretical treatises, as well as creative works (novels, poems, plays) which embody the development of the dialectic.
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department.

FREN 4001 (3CR)
STYLISTIQUE
An advanced study of written French, concentrating on the following: the peculiarities of French style, the nature of idiomatic expression and levels of language, "faux amis" and Canadianisms. Written exercises are required on a regular basis.
Prereq: FREN 3111; or permission of the Department.

FREN 4011 (3CR)
TRADUCTION
The course includes detailed study and written exercises dealing with the following: comparative stylistics (French/English), technical problems of translation, literal translation, transposition and equivalence. Written exercises in both translation and composition are required.
Prereq: FREN 3111; or permission of the Department.
Exclusion: FREN 4001 (Stylistique II)

FREN 4901 (3CR)
SELECTED TOPICS
A seminar course available to students who have completed at least two courses in French literature at the 3000 level and at least in two period or theme series (e.g: series of courses whose numbers begin with 32 to 38)
Prereq: Permission of the Department.

FREN 4990 (6CR)
MÉMOIRE
(Honours Essay) The subject and programme of research will be established at the end of the student's third year, and submitted for approval to the Department. The essay must show evidence of scholarly investigation and will be written in French.
Prereq: Permission of the Department.

GERMAN STUDIES

The German language is spoken by approximately 120 million people in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg and Liechtenstein, and by more than one million Canadians. German is one of the official languages of the United Nations and is the second most widely used foreign language in Europe.

German has a long tradition at Mount Allison University, having been taught here at least since 1870. Today, Mount Allison offers a small but comprehensive and rigorous programme in German Language, Literature and Culture within the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures. Students may select courses and programmes from beginners' language courses to various Minor, Major, or Honours combinations.

Students graduating with a minor or major in German will be prepared for several types of jobs, such as teaching, translating and interpreting, or careers in External Affairs and International Trade and various government agencies and NGOs, the news media, publishers, airlines, shipping companies and firms involved in international trade, to name a few. In many other professions, knowledge of German is an asset.

LANGUAGE COURSES

The German language programme is designed to impart to the student a good working knowledge of German. Students will also gain insight into the culture and mode of life of the German-speaking countries. In addition, as experience shows, students of foreign languages generally show significant improvement in their primary language skills.

LITERATURE COURSES

German literature is rich and varied. While the programme presents an overall picture of German literature, particular emphasis is placed on representative authors and movements. The language of instruction in all courses at the 3000 and 4000 levels is German.

Programmes and Activities

The Department sponsors other programmes and activities which support and enrich the course programme:

Der Deutsche Klub, a student-run club which supplements the academic programmes.

Das Deutsche Haus, the German-language section of the Pavillon Bousquet, a tri-lingual residence.

Tübingen Exchange, between Mount Allison University and the Universität Tübingen which permits students to complete an academic year abroad.

Students are encouraged to participate in various programmes which allow them to spend some part of the year in Germany, on scholarships, working, or enrolled in a summer school, such as German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) <http://www.DAAD.org/> , Work-Student-Programme, Canadian Summer School in Kassel/German. <http://web.uvic.ca/german/cssg/> .

Disciplinary B.A. Programmes

MINOR in German is 24 credits earned as follows:

18	from German 1000, 2000, 3000
3	from German 3/4000 level literature courses
3	from German 2351, 2701 and German 3/4000 level literature courses, chosen in consultation with the Programme Advisor

MAJOR AREA OF STUDY in German is 60 credits earned as follows:

18	from German 1000, 2000, 3000
3	from German 2351, 2701
21	from German 3/4000 level literature courses
18	credits from complementary courses in Arts and Letters and Humanities, chosen in consultation with the Programme Advisor

HONOURS in German is 72 credits earned as follows:

42	credits as in the first three lines of the Major, plus:
12	from the second and fourth lines of the Major
18	from German 4030, 4950/4951, 4990, chosen in consultation with the Programme Advisor

Note: A major in Modern Languages (French, German and Spanish), is also available.

Note: The listing of a course in the calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

SUMMER PROGRAMMES IN GERMANY

There is a possibility of taking summer courses for credit in Germany at the second, third and fourth year levels. Students interested should contact the Modern Languages and Literature Department before Christmas. Prereq: GERM 1000

GERMAN COURSES

GERM 1000 (6CR)
ELEMENTARY GERMAN
An intensive course designed for students with no previous knowledge of German. Acquisition of basic proficiency in comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing. Three class periods and one period of oral practice in the language laboratory to be arranged after classes have begun.

GERM 2000 (6CR)
INTERMEDIATE GERMAN
Review of grammar and syntax. Expansion of vocabulary to about 2000 words. Composition and conversation. Introduction to literary analysis. Three class periods, and one discussion/practice period to be arranged after classes have begun.
Prereq: GERM 1000; or permission of the Department. Students entering from high school with advanced credit should see the Department before enrolling.

GERM/HIST 2351 (3CR)
GERMAN CULTURE AND SOCIETY FROM 1870 TO THE PRESENT
Starting with the origins of the German 'Angst' and the founding of the German Empire during the Franco-Prussian War, this course will trace the political, economic, social, cultural and scientific developments in German-speaking countries through the Bismarck period, the era of Wilhelm II, the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich and the post-World War II period, ending with a vision of the "New Europe". Language of instruction: English 2351 and as such may count for credit in either German or History.
Note: This course is cross-listed as HIST 2351 and therefore count as three credits in either discipline.

GERM 2701 (3CR)
THE NEW GERMAN FILM: HISTORY, THEORY, AND PRACTICE. A REVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GERMAN CINEMA AFTER WWII
After a brief history of German film making from its beginnings, and a discussion of the "grammar of film", the course follows the development of the New German Cinema after 1945, examining selected works against the social, economic, and political background. The course will be conducted as a lecture/seminar course, with screenings and discussions of relevant films (screen/video). Language of instruction: English.

GERM 3000 (6CR)
ADVANCED GERMAN
Advanced grammar and syntax, further expansion of the active vocabulary, introduction to stylistics. Frequent compositions and oral reports. Three class periods, and one discussion/practice period to be arranged after classes have begun.
Prereq: GERM 2000, or permission of the Department.

GERM 3101 (3CR)
ROMANTIC POETRY
This course will place its main emphasis on the genre of romantic poetry and poetics, including German Lieder, to show the close relationship between music and literature of the period. Also the continuation of Romantic concepts of poetry within the twentieth century will be examined. This course is also designed to develop students' reading and writing ability in German. Special emphasis will be placed on oral skills by frequent poetry reading.
Prereq: GERM 2000, or permission of the Department.

GERM 3111 (3CR)
ROMANTIC PROSE
Representative works of the romantic period in German literature, including short stories, Märchen and dramas will be read. Wherever possible, contemporary works of other European literatures will be drawn on so that a definition of Romanticism in its European context will emerge. This course is also designed to develop students' reading and writing ability as well as aural and oral skills through frequent discussions.
Prereq: GERM 2000; or permission of the Department.

GERM 3211 (3CR)
NINETEENTH CENTURY GERMAN LITERATURE
Representative works of "Biedermeier" and poetic realism will be examined as a reaction to earlier German idealistic literature and as a reflection of a more scientific, objective view of the world. The more radical realism of "Naturalismus" toward the end of the 19th century will be contrasted to the symbolistic movement, impressionism and neo-romanticism. This course will also expose students to various approaches to literary interpretations as well as develop their reading, aural and oral skills in German.
Prereq: GERM 2000; or permission of the Department.

GERM 3221 (3CR)
EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY GERMAN LITERATURE
This course traces German literature as a reflection of political, sociological, economic, and scientific developments from a period of optimism before World War I to the turbulent twenties, through years of oppression during the Third Reich to the immediate post-war period dominated by attempts to come to terms with Germany's war-time experiences. This course is also designed to develop the students' reading, aural, and oral skills in German.
Prereq: GERM 2000; or permission of the Department.

GERM 3231 (3CR)
MODERN GERMAN LITERATURE
Selected works of writers from German speaking countries will be read. These works will reflect on the partition of Germany after World War II into politically opposing camps, the economic miracle in West Germany with its social implications, and the continued pre-occupation of a united Germany with its fascist and communist past. This course is designed to develop the student's reading ability and aural and oral skills in German.
Prereq: GERM 2000; or permission of the Department.

GERM 3301 (3CR)
ENLIGHTENMENT LITERATURE
A study of representative works of those authors who helped shape the period generally known as the German Enlightenment, the first age in German cultural history which recognized the instrumental role people can play in determining their own destiny in this world (cf. Kant's definition of "Aufklärung"). Authors to be studied include Brockes, Haller, Gellert, Lessing, and Wieland.
Prereq: GERM 2000; or permission of the Department.

GERM 3311 (3CR)
LITERATURE OF THE LATE 18TH CENTURY
It is the aim of this course to demonstrate the underlying unity in the varied patterns which constitute this period. Terms such as Empfindsamkeit and Sturm und Drang will all be shown to be contributing to, and be manifestations of, the complex nature of Enlightenment from which German Classicism, Romanticism and Realism emerge as resulting alternatives. Authors to be studied include Lenz, Herder and the young Goethe and Schiller.
Prereq: GERM 2000; or permission of the Department.

GERM 4030 (6CR)
GOETHE AND SCHILLER
A close reading of major works of Goethe and Schiller. The course traces the intellectual and literary development in Germany from the Storm and Stress period of the young Goethe to German Classicism which coincides with the friendship and interaction between Goethe and Schiller. In addition to several dramas by both authors, their major poems will be discussed. The last eight weeks or so will be devoted to a close study of Faust I and II. The course will be conducted as a seminar involving class discussion and lectures. Two essays and two examinations will be required.
Prereq: Six 3000 level German credits; or permission of the Department.

GERM 4040 (6CR)
SURVEY OF EARLY GERMAN LITERATURE
The development of German literature from the Middle Ages to the Age of Enlightenment will be traced through detailed analysis and discussion of selected works from each period. Texts chosen will be examined within their cultural and social context, as well as with regard to their relation to the other European Literatures. The ultimate aim of the course is the furthering of an understanding of the forces (cultural, social, economic) which helped create the Weimar Classicism of Goethe and Schiller. The course will be conducted as a seminar (two 75-minutes periods per week). Two essays and two examinations will be required

GERM 4950/4951 (6/3CR)
SEMINAR
Detailed study of individual authors or literary themes. The content of the course must be approved by the Department and arrangements made during the preceding Spring.
Prereq: Six 3000 level German credits; or permission of the Department.

GERM 4990 (6CR)
HONOURS ESSAY
The subject and program of research must be submitted to the Department for approval, normally at the end of the student's third year; and the candidate is to be directly responsible to a supervisor and the Department. The essay must be written in German.
Prereq: Six 3000 level German credits; or permission of the Department.

HISPANIC STUDIES

Spanish is one of the most widely spoken languages of the western world and is an official language of the United Nations' Organization. Canada's interest in the Spanish-speaking world is reflected in organizations such as CIDA, CUSO, WUSC and the Canadian Association of Latin-American Studies.

Courses in Spanish, offered within the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, offer the student a two-fold goal: the first, to learn to speak, understand, read and write this important language - particular attention is directed towards the students' achieving oral-aural proficiency, both in class and in the language laboratory; the second, to become familiar with the culture of the Hispanic world through study of its literary and artistic works. Prizes are offered by the Department for excellence in Spanish Studies.

The study of Spanish can be very important in preparing for a career in the diplomatic corps, various international agencies, teaching, translation, journalism, publishing, and commercial and cultural relations between Canada and Spanish-speaking countries.

The Department supports other programmes and activities which enrich the course programme. These include Club Hispanico, a film series, Casa Hispana (the Spanish-language section of the Pavillon Bousquet, a tri-lingual residence) and the possibilities of study in Spain, Central or South America. An exchange programme with the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid provides a special opportunity for advanced students.

Disciplinary B.A. Programmes

MINOR in Hispanic Studies is 24 credits earned as follows:

18	from Spanish 1100, 2100, 3101, 3111
6	either from Spanish 2001, 2011, 3001, 3011
	or
	from Spanish 3001, 3011, and literature courses in Spanish at the 3000 level, chosen in consultation with the Programme Advisor.

MAJOR AREA OF STUDY in Hispanic Studies is 60 credits earned as follows:

18	from Spanish 1100, 2100, 3101, 3111
6	from Spanish 2001, 2011
18	from Spanish at the 3000 level, offered in Spanish
18	credits from complementary courses in Arts and Letters, History, Classics, Social Sciences, chosen in consultation with the Programme Advisor.

Note: A major in Modern Languages (French, German and Spanish), is also available.

Note: The listing of a course in the calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

SPANISH COURSES

SPAN 1100 (6CR)
INTRODUCTORY SPANISH
Elements of grammar, pronunciation and practice, (including language laboratory), reading of prescribed texts. This is an intensive course designed for students who have no previous knowledge of Spanish. Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun.

SPAN 2001 (3CR)
INTRODUCTION TO SPAIN
A survey of the history, literature and art of Spain from the Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century. This course is taught in English and knowledge of Spanish is not a prerequisite.

SPAN 2011 (3CR)
INTRODUCTION TO LATIN AMERICA
A survey of the literature of Latin America in the context of the cultural history of the continent. This course is taught in English and knowledge of Spanish is not a prerequisite.

SPAN 2100 (6CR)
INTERMEDIATE SPANISH
Intermediate grammar, oral practice, (including language laboratory), reading of prescribed texts. Introduction to Hispanic literature and civilization. This course is intended to consolidate and develop language skills acquired in first year Spanish. Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun.
Prereq: SPAN 1100; or permission of the Department.

SPAN 3001 (3CR)
SPANISH DRAMA
A survey of the dramatic literature of Spain, with a focus on theatre, ideology, and society. The texts, in English translation, will be representative of the works of a limited number of distinguished Spanish dramatists.
Prereq: None; course taught in English.

SPAN 3011 (3CR)
LATIN AMERICAN DRAMA
A survey of dramatic works from Latin America, with a focus on theatre, ideology, and society. The texts, in English translation, will be representative of Latin American playwrights as well as Latino writers from the United States and Canada.
Prereq: None; course taught in English.

SPAN 3101 (3CR)
ADVANCED SPANISH I
This course includes intensive conversation, composition and translation. Applied grammar will be included, as will exposure to Hispanic cultures through audiovisual resources (film, print journalism and computer-based sources).Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun.
Prereq: SPAN 2100; or permission of the Department.

SPAN 3111 (3CR)
ADVANCED SPANISH II
A continuation of the Advanced Spanish Language course, primarily through literary texts from Spain and Latin America. This course includes intensive practice in writing, translation, and oral expression, and offers an Introduction to Hispanic Literatures that is a prerequisite (or, with permission from the Department, a co-requisite) for all Hispanic Studies courses numbered 3200 and higher.
Prereq: SPAN 3101; or permission of the Department.

SPAN 3201 (3CR)
MEDIEVAL SPANISH LITERATURE
A study of the rise and evolution of Spanish literature against its historical background through the reading and discussion of literary works of all types from the 11th to the 15th centuries. This course will be conducted in Spanish.
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department.

SPAN 3211 (3CR)
SPANISH LITERATURE OF THE GOLDEN AGE
A study of the literature of Spain of the 16th and 17th centuries. Particular attention will be given to poetry, theatre and the novel. This course will be conducted in Spanish.
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department.

SPAN 3221 (3CR)
NINETEENTH-CENTURY SPANISH LITERATURE
A study of the poetry and theatre of the Romantic period and of the novel of the second half of the century. This course will be conducted in Spanish.
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department.

SPAN 3231 (3CR)
TWENTIETH-CENTURY SPANISH LITERATURE
A study of selected poetry, novels and plays of this century beginning with the "Generacion de 1898". This course will be conducted in Spanish.
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department.

SPAN 3301 (3CR)
SHORT PROSE OF LATIN AMERICA
A survey of the short story and the essay, concentrating primarily on the Twentieth Century. Readings from some of the principal essayists and short story writers. This course will be conducted in Spanish.
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department.

SPAN 3311 (3CR)
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN NOVEL
A study of 19th and 20th Century novels and of the principal themes and forms of the genre. This course will be conducted in Spanish.
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department.

SPAN 3321 (3CR)
SPANISH-AMERICAN THEATRE
A survey of the theatre of Latin-America, through a study of key examples of its dramatic literature and historical trends. This course will be conducted in Spanish.
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department.

SPAN 3331 (3CR)
SPANISH-AMERICAN POETRY
A survey of the poetry of Latin-America, concentrating on the modern (20th Century) period. This course will be conducted in Spanish.
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department.

SPAN 4800/4801 (6/3CR)
SPECIAL TOPICS IN HISPANIC LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE
This seminar course provides students with an opportunity to pursue in-depth study of a specific area of Hispanic Language or Literature.
Prereq: At least six credits in 3000 level Literature courses offered in Spanish; or permission of the Department.

SPAN 4950/4951 (6/3CR)
A PROGRAMME OF INDEPENDENT STUDY
Study of a well-defined subject carried out on a tutorial basis. The syllabus will be planned at the end of the student's third year in consultation with the professor directing the work.
Prereq: Permission of the Department.

JAPANESE STUDIES

Interdisciplinary B.A. Programme

INTERDISCIPLINARY MINOR in Japanese Studies is 24 credits earned as follows:

12	from Japanese 1000, 2000
12	from Economics 1000(or 1001 and 1011), 3501, 3531, Geography 3321, History/Political Science 3731, History 2700, Religious Studies 3101, 3891

Note: Transfer credits earned at Kwansei Gakuin University may be applied in fulfilment of this program with permission of the Program Advisor and an Academic Dean. Exchange students who have earned 60 or more credits in Japanese Studies may apply for approval of a specially approved Interdisciplinary Major in Japanese Studies in accordance with Calendar Regulation 7.2.12.

Note: The listing of a course in the calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

JAPANESE COURSES

JAPA 1000 (6CR)
INTRODUCTORY JAPANESE
An introduction to the main elements of the modern Japanese language. Emphasis is placed on learning the hiragana and katakana systems of writing and the essentials of grammar. In addition students will begin to learn the kanji character form. An increasing emphasis will be placed on communication in spoken and written Japanese. Three hours of class and one hour of language laboratory per week. Intended for students with no prior background in Japanese.

JAPA 2000 (6CR)
INTERMEDIATE JAPANESE
A continuation of Japanese 1000 with particular attention directed to communications skills in both writing and speaking. Three hours of class and one hour of language laboratory per week.
Prereq: JAPA 1000; or permission of the Department .

LINGUISTICS

Like other inquiries which are central to human experience, language has long been the focus of intellectual examination. Speculation on the nature of language appears in the works of Plato, Aristotle and other Greek philosophers. Although a number of disciplines, from literary studies to computer science, share the study of language with linguistics, the focus of linguistics is the scientific study of language. Linguists are interested in how human language is organized in the human mind and in how the social structures of human communities shape language to their own purposes, reflecting themselves in language use.

Note: The listing of a course in the calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

LINGUISTICS COURSES

LING 2001 (3CR)
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE
A general interest course intended to acquaint students in all fields with the structural, social and psychological forces that shape language, beginning with a consideration of the origins and nature of language and proceeding to an examination of languages as systems and the ways they structure meaning.
Prereq: None

LING 3001 (3CR)
FUNDAMENTALS OF GENERAL LINGUISTICS.
This course on the nature and structure of language examines the physiology of speech, word formation, theoretical concepts of sentence generation, and the phonological and historical forces involved in language creation and language change. It is recommended for senior students in language and literary studies, and students interested in language pathology.
Prereq: LING 2001 and a minimum of six credits in a language other than English; or permission of the Department.

LING 3011 (3CR)
LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY
This course is an introduction to issues and methods in the field of sociolinguistics, the study of the interaction between language and the structure and functioning of society. It includes topics in language variation, the contact of languages and bilingualism, and issues in second-language acquisition.
Prereq: LING 2001 and a minimum of six credits in a language other than English; or permission of the Department.