The Humanities 1600 series is intended to provide an introduction to Humanities disciplines. These three-credit courses offered by the participating disciplines of Classics, History, Philosophy and Religious Studies are designed to acquaint beginning students with the methodologies typical of these disciplines and to familiarize them with the approaches taken, as well as the sorts of themes pursued and questions raised in these disciplines.

Students will normally take courses in sequential order from first through fourth years. Further information about specific courses, faculty members and special programs is available in the Department of History Handbook. Students should also be familiar with the university requirements for the B.A. degree, outlined in section 7.2 of the academic calendar.

HIST 1601 (3CR)
NEW NATIONS IN NORTH AMERICA

This course will examine the transfer of European ideas, institutions, political and economic structures to North America, and consider the reshaping of these by the North American experience. Particular emphasis will be placed on the transition from the colonial experience to the realization of new states.

HIST 1611 (3CR)
THE EXPANSION OF EUROPE ABROAD

This course will focus on the expansion of Europe after the 15th century and the impact of that expansion on both Native peoples and on European civilization. Themes to be considered are the creation of a world economy, racial relations, the rise and fall of European power, the impact of technology, the growth of indigenous nationalism, and the legacy of European expansion.

HIST/CLAS 1631 (3CR)
GREECE AND ROME: THE FOUNDATIONS OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION

The political and social history of ancient Greece and Rome will be surveyed with a focus on the themes of Environment, Politics, War, Art and Architecture, and Society. Special attention will be paid to Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E. and to Rome under Caesar Augustas.

HIST 1651 (3CR)
NATIVE AMERICAN VOICES

This course will focus on the experience of Native Americans as they come to terms with living in the post-Colombian world. Emphasis will be given to Native American voices as preserved in primary materials.

HIST 2000 (6CR)
EARLY WESTERN CIVILIZATION, circa 300 to circa 1650

This course surveys the history of western civilization from late antiquity through the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the Reformation. By investigating the diverse ways the peoples of western Eurasia organized their political and social relationships and pursued their ambitions and beliefs, it offers also an introduction to the methods historians use to construe the past, giving particular attention to the close reading and interpretation of original sources.

HIST 2010 (6CR)
WESTERN EUROPE FROM THE REFORMATION TO THE EVE OF WORLD WAR I

This course analyzes the major social, economic, political, and cultural developments which transformed Western Europe from 'medieval' into 'modern'. Its central unifying theme is the creative tension between the opposing ideologies which characterize the modern West: individual freedom and state authority; scientific rationalism and revealed religion; hereditary privilege and equality: co-operation and competition as organizing principles of society and culture.

HIST/CLAS 2021 (3CR)
ALEXANDER THE GREAT AND THE HELLENISTIC WORLD

An examination of the career of Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic era that followed his conquest of the eastern Mediterranean. Among the main themes included will be the goals of Alexander, the new political climate of kingship and patronage that he helped create, the interaction of the Greeks with the civilizations of Egypt and the East, and the integration of new cultural ideas into Greek society.

HIST/CLAS 2051 (3CR)
WOMEN IN ANTIQUITY

Using written and material evidence, this course will explore the economic, social and political roles of women in the societies of ancient Greece and Rome, as well as the development of the Western idea of the female in antiquity. Secondarily, it will introduce and explore the social theories commonly applied to the study of gender in history.

HIST/GERM 2351 (3CR)
GERMAN CULTURE AND SOCIETY FROM 1870 TO THE PRESENT

Starting with the founding of the German Empire during the Franco-Prussian War, this course will trace the political, economic, social, cultural and scientific developments in German-speaking countries through the Bismarck period, the era of Wilhelm II, the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich and the post-World War II period, ending with a vision of the "New Europe". Language of instruction: English

HIST 2410 (6CR)
CANADA FROM THE PREHISTORIC TO THE PRESENT

This course introduces students to the main events, themes and issues of Canadian history from the pre-European period to the present. Coverage is broad and particular emphases may vary from year to year.

HIST 2510 (6CR)
THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE

This course introduces students to the main events, themes and issues of American history from the colonial period to the present. Coverage is broad and particular emphases may vary from year to year.

HIST 2700 (6CR)
MODERN ASIA PACIFIC HISTORY

This course will focus on the ways in which the countries of the Asia Pacific Region have interacted with each other through the 20th century, and how they have struggled to understand and adapt to a rapidly changing modern world.

HIST/CLAS 3001 (3CR)
DEMOCRACY AND IMPERIALISM IN CLASSICAL GREECE

An examination of archaic and classical Greek history and civilization from the emergence of the polis to the fall of the Athenian empire. Main themes include the development of political institutions, warfare, and gender relations. Emphasis is placed on historical methods and the interpretation of ancient evidence.

HIST/CLAS 3021 (3CR)
CONQUEST AND EXPANSION: THE RISE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC

An examination of the development of Rome from a small city-state into the leading power in the Mediterranean. Main themes include the conflict between Rome and Carthage, the conquest of the Hellenistic East, and the political and social changes in Roman society. There will be an emphasis on the analysis and interpretation of primary sources in translation.

HIST/CLAS 3031 (3CR)
THE ROMAN EMPIRE: CENTRE AND PERIPHERY

An examination of the history of imperial Rome from the age of Augustus to that of Constantine. Main themes include the imperial form of government, the Roman army, urban development and its impact on society, and the conflicts between Romans and other cultures. There will be an emphasis on the analysis and interpretation of primary sources in translation.

HIST/CLAS 3051 (3CR)
HEALTH AND MEDICINE IN THE ANCIENT WORLD

Employing both material and literary evidence, this course surveys the conditions of life and common ailments and treatments of the inhabitants of the Greek and Roman world from ca. 1000 BC.E. to ca. 500 C.E.. It also examines the origins of Western medicine in Greek and Roman science, alongside its alternatives, such as magic.

HIST 3121 (3CR)
RENAISSANCE EUROPE

Set against the political, social and economic history of Europe from the mid-thirteenth through the early sixteenth centuries, this course treats the remarkable cultural flowering that began in the wealthy, politically and socially volatile city-states of northern Italy before spreading to the courts, print-shops, monasteries, and schools of northern Europe.

HIST 3131 (3CR)
REFORMATION EUROPE

This course surveys the history of Europe during the religious upheavals of the late fifteenth, sixteenth, and early seventeenth centuries, investigating the major Protestant, Catholic, and radical reform movements as they were shaped by the actions and ideas of their leading promoters and adherents, as well as by the ecclesiastical, economic, intellectual, political, and social circumstances of the era.

HIST 3141 (3CR)
CELTIC AND GERMANIC EUROPE TO THE AGE OF CHARLEMAGNE

This course examines the society and culture of the pre-Christian Irish, Frankish, Anglo-Saxon Norse and other Celtic and Germanic peoples and traces the impact of Christian-Roman civilization on their political, social and cultural development. Particular attention is given to the reign of Charlemagne.

HIST 3151 (3CR)
EUROPE IN THE AGE OF CHIVALRY

This course traces the growth of feudal society and chivalric culture from the collapse of the Carolingian Empire through the age of the crusades and analyses the role of feudalism in the formation of the major European states. Particular attention is paid to the inherent tensions between feudal principles, Christian monarchy and papal political theory and to the resulting struggles between them which shaped the differing political traditions of France, England and Germany down to early modern times.

HIST 3161 (3CR)
THE CRUSADES

This course treats the European crusading movement from the eleventh through the fifteenth centuries, examining not only the familiar expeditions to Palestine but also the use of crusades to sanction conquest and colonization along medieval European frontiers in Spain and northeastern Europe and to combat religious and political challenges to papal authority.

HIST 3211 (3CR)
REVOLUTION AND STABILITY: POLITICS AND SOCIETY IN EARLY MODERN BRITAIN 1603 - 1820

This course explores the ideological and socio-economic roots of the seventeenth century constitutional struggles which established the sovereignty of Parliament in Stuart Britain and traces the re-establishment of social and political stability from the Glorious Revolution through the Hanoverian Period.

HIST 3221 (3CR)
MODERN BRITAIN

This course traces the development of those institutions, movements and ideas which are an integral part of the texture of modern Britain, and which have been shaping influences on the direction and pace of social, intellectual, economic and political growth.

HIST 3231 (3CR)
PAX BRITANNICA: BRITAIN'S GLOBAL HEGEMONY 1815-1918

This course examines Britain's rise to world power during the nineteenth century with special reference to foreign policy, naval supremacy, international economic influence and the acquisition of empire, together with its impact on both governors and governed.

HIST 3241 (3CR)
IMPERIAL SUNSET: BRITAIN'S RETREAT FROM WORLD POWER 1918 TO THE PRESENT

This course analyses Britain's decline as a world power, its replacement in that role by the United States, its relations with the emerging nation states of the Third World and its uneasy participation in the European Community. Topics to be examined include: interwar development policies for Africa, Indian nationalism, World War II and the decolonization of Asia and Africa, the 'special relationship' with the USA, the evolution of the European Community and continued underdevelopment in the Third World.

HIST 3251 (3CR)
CLASS AND CAPITALISM: THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE BRITISH SOCIAL STRUCTURE 1750-1850

This course traces the decline of the aristocracy, the triumph of the middle classes and the making of the working class in Britain during the early stages of capitalism and industrialization. Particular attention is paid to the controversies among historians surrounding the nature of social transformation in Britain.

HIST 3301 (3CR)
EUROPE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, 1900-1945

This course examines the major political, social, cultural and economic developments in Europe from the beginning of the century to the end of World War II.

HIST 3311 (3CR)
EUROPE SINCE 1945

This course examines the major political, social, cultural and economic developments in Europe from the post-war era of reconstruction to the present.

HIST 3361 (3CR)
CULTURE AND SOCIETY IN MODERN EUROPE

This course examines major themes and issues in Continental European social and cultural history from the seventeenth century to the present. Selection, emphases and time frame may vary from year to year but may include such topics as: identity formation; class and gender; community and nation; family, work and leisure; myth and memory; popular and high culture; the emergence of mass consumer society.

HIST 3371 (3CR)
FRANCE IN THE AGE OF REVOLUTION 1750-1815

This course explores the origins, nature and impact of the political, social, ideological and cultural revolution that toppled the ancient regime in France and inaugurated the modern search for liberty, equality, social justice and popular sovereignty.

HIST 3380 (6CR)
WAR AND SOCIETY

This course analyzes the interrelationships between war and society, with particular reference to the European experience. Major themes include war and technological change, social mobilization, the transformation of war aims, and the ethics of warfare. Some attention is given to ancient and medieval examples, but the main emphasis is on the modern period.

HIST 3381 (3CR)
FASCISM IN EUROPE 1870-1945

This course undertakes a comparative analysis of the origins, theory and nature of fascism in France, Italy and Germany from about 1870 to 1945.

HIST 3401 (3CR)
THE ATLANTIC REGION PRIOR TO CONFEDERATION

This course traces the major political, socio-economic and intellectual themes in the history of Canada's Atlantic region from pre-European times to the Confederation period.

HIST 3411 (3CR)
COLONIAL NEW FRANCE

This course examines the 'pre-history' and history of the colony of New France, with particular emphasis on the colony's socio-economic and cultural ethos, France's colonial policies, and the response and fate of the indigenous peoples.

HIST 3421 (3CR)
CANADA FROM CONQUEST TO CONFEDERATION

This course examines the socio-economic, intellectual and political-constitutional development of Lower Canada, Upper Canada and the Canadian West from 1760 to the achievement of Confederation in 1867.

HIST 3431 (3CR)
QUEBEC FROM CONFEDERATION TO SEPARATISM

This course examines the political, religious, economic and cultural development of Quebec since Confederation with particular emphasis on the growth of nationalism and the emergence of separatism.

HIST 3441 (3CR)
MODERN CANADA

This course traces the development of those institutions, movements and ideas which are an integral part of the texture of modern Canada, and which have been shaping influences on the direction and pace of social, intellectual, economic and political growth.

HIST 3451 (3CR)
THE ATLANTIC REGION SINCE CONFEDERATION

This course examines the role of the Atlantic region in the modern Canadian nation.

HIST 3461 (3CR)
CANADIAN EXTERNAL RELATIONS

This course examines Canada's diplomacy and external relations from the formative years to the present, with emphasis on the twentieth century. Throughout, attention is paid to the Canadian domestic political background and the role of public opinion in determining foreign policy.

HIST 3501 (3CR)
A SOCIAL AND POLITICAL HISTORY OF FOOD IN NORTH AMERICA

This course will examine the way in which the need to eat has shaped the political and social environment in North America over the course of the last one thousand years. The general focus will be on changing patterns of food acquisition and the changing rituals of consumption. Particular attention will be paid to how changing technologies, demographic change and crises such as war have influenced the North American diet and the cultural significance of various types of foods.

HIST 3511 (3CR)
COLONIAL AMERICA

This course examines the development of the Anglo-American colonies and their eventual revolution. Sectional studies of New England, the middle colonies and the southern colonies will be supplemented by close attention to the lives of patriot and loyalist leaders.

HIST 3521 (3CR)
THE AMERICAN SOCIAL AND CULTURAL EXPERIENCE

This course explores American social and cultural development. Themes may include immigration, slavery, race relations, abolitionism, the roots of modern American feminism, assimilation and the emergence of a common American culture.

HIST 3531 (3CR)
AMERICAN WOMEN'S HISTORY

This course will explore theoretical approaches to women's history through an examination of the role and experience of women in the United States from the Revolution to the present.

HIST 3561 (3CR)
UNITED STATES FOREIGN RELATIONS

This course surveys American diplomacy and foreign relations from colonial times through the twentieth century. Throughout, attention is paid to American domestic policies and the role of public opinion in determining foreign policy.

HIST/RELG 3611 (3CR)
CHRISTIANITY IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE

This course examines the crucial, defining crises of the ancient Christian communities in the social, political, and cultural context of Late Antiquity (roughly, 2nd to 6th centuries CE/AD) and the Roman Empire. Early Christianity is analyzed as a social movement, as a religious movement with a developing belief system, and as an historical phenomenon embedded within historical events and processes.

HIST/RELG 3621 (3CR)
CHRISTIANITY IN CHRISTENDOM

A consideration of Christianity at the height of its political power in the middle ages.

HIST/RELG 3631 (3CR)
CHRISTIANITY IN THE REFORMATION ERA

A consideration of the reasons for and impact of the divisions in Christianity instituted by the Protestant Reformation.

HIST/RELG 3641 (3CR)
CHRISTIANITY AND MODERN STATES

A consideration of how secularization has occurred in various modern states and of the sphere of influence that remains for religion in these circumstances.

HIST 3710 (6CR)
CHINA SINCE 1949

This course will deal with the contemporary history of China, focusing on six topics: the role of ideology; foreign policy goals and practicalities; intellectuals and student activists; religion, the rural-urban continum; and economic changes since 1949.

HIST/POLS 3731 (3CR)
JAPAN IN THE MODERN WORLD

This course will examine Japan's relations with the international community in the years following renewed contact with the West in the 1860's. Particular emphasis will be placed on the expanding intellectual, diplomatic and economic interchange and the impact of that interchange on the shaping of modern Japan.

HIST 3741 (3CR)
CLASSICAL AND EARLY MODERN CHINA

This course examines the major social, cultural, economic and intellectual trends of dynastic China from Tang to early Qing (700-1800). Attention will also be given to the "Middle Kingdom" world view and China's position in global trade and diplomatic networks prior to European expansion.

HIST 3751 (3CR)
CHINA IN THE MODERN WORLD

This course traces the contested process of nation building in China from the mid-18th century to the present day. Particular attention will be given to the manner in which the Chinese people have interacted with Euro-American and Japanese foreigners and the role these relations played in driving the revolutionary struggles to transform China in the last 150 years.

HIST 4001 (3CR)
HISTORY THROUGH FILM

This course is a thematic study of topics in modern history through the medium of film, both feature and documentary. These films will be critically read both as an art form and as historical documents. While specific course content will vary according to the instructor, particular emphasis will be placed on what films tell us about the particular historical context in which they are created.

HIST 4110 (6CR)
MEDIEVAL CIVILIZATION

Seminar in Medieval Civilization.

HIST 4210 (6CR)
ADVANCED TOPICS IN TUDOR/ STUART HISTORY

Seminar in selected issues of 16th and 17th century British history.

HIST 4250 (6CR)
BRITAIN AND EUROPE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

Seminar in twentieth century British and European history.

HIST 4260 (6CR)
THE LIBERAL IDEA IN WESTERN HISTORY

This senior seminar analyses the development of Western liberalism, the controversies it has created and the changes it has undergone during several historical periods.

HIST 4300 (6CR)
THE BIRTH OF THE MODERN AGE

This senior seminar explores some of the profound social, cultural, political and economic changes that transformed European life during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Topics will vary from year to year.

HIST 4401 (3CR)
CANADA AND THE PACIFIC RIM

This senior seminar explores the relationship between Canada and the countries and peoples of the Pacific Rim.

HIST 4420 (6CR)
THE ATLANTIC PROVINCES

Seminar in the history of Canada's Atlantic region.

HIST 4440 (6CR)
ADVANCED TOPICS IN MODERN CANADA

Seminar in Twentieth century Canada.

HIST 4450 (6CR)
CANADIAN COURTS AND THE CONSTITUTION

This senior seminar examines the Canadian courts and the private and public factors that are taken into consideration in the determination of constitutional change and legal rights and responsibilities.

HIST 4500 (6CR)
ADVANCED SEMINAR IN SELECTED TOPICS IN MODERN AMERICAN HISTORY

A seminar in selected topics in modern American history.

HIST 4510 (6CR)
THE AMERICAN WEST

This course examines the history of the American West during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It juxtaposes the real West to the mythic West and emphasizes the importance of each in American society and culture.

HIST/POLS 4550 (6CR)
ADVANCED TOPICS IN UNITED STATES FOREIGN RELATIONS

Seminar in main currents of United States foreign relations.

HIST 4571 (3CR)
HISTORY OF THE MODERN AMERICAN WOMEN'S MOVEMENT

This course will focus on the history of the modern American women's movement, beginning with a brief examination of the history of feminism in the pre-World War II United States and continuing through to an examination of responses and backlashes to the women's movement. Emphasis will be given to the revolutionary character of that movement and the experience of American women as influenced by the movement.

HIST 4700 (6CR)
ADVANCED SEMINAR IN ASIA PACIFIC HISTORY

This course examines the development of Chinese and Japanese societies from the 19th through the 20th centuries. It will focus on the emergent national and individual consciousness in the two countries, and the rapidly changing political context in which they were constructed.

HIST 4950/4951 (6/3CR)
SPECIAL TOPICS - DIRECTED STUDY

HIST 4990 (6CR)
HONOURS THESIS

Independent research and study under direction of a member of the department; for students in History Honours programme.