Modern Languages and Literatures

Courses offered by the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures include French, German, Japanese, Spanish and Linguistics. Linguistics, cinema, and some literature and civilization courses are offered in English. Students can also benefit from our study-abroad programmes in France, Germany, Spain and Japan. The courses offered in each of these disciplines, as well as the Majors, Minors and Honours programmes available, are outlined under each discipline heading. An interdisciplinary Major in Modern Languages is also offered, as outlined below.

Students who plan to specialize in one or more languages by electing a Minor, Major, or Honours programme should declare their specialization to the Office of Student Services by the end of their first year of University studies. They should also visit the programme advisor in the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures before registering for second year, since most programmes require the advisor's approval of optional courses.

FRENCH STUDIES

Mount Allison offers an extensive French Studies programme, within the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, with a variety of language and literature courses which increase the students' awareness of the French and French-Canadian cultures while developing their ability to function in the second language. To this end, all courses are taught in French.

The courses at first and second year levels provide the opportunity to establish a sound foundation in oral and written French. The study of grammar, at these levels, is reinforced by practice in the language laboratory. Several of the courses at the 3000 and 4000 levels are specifically intended to refine the students' command of spoken and written French, while the other courses deal with the various areas of French literature, French-Canadian literature and the theories of literary criticism. A series of prizes are awarded each year to students who distinguish themselves in French Studies.

The Department sponsors other programmes and activities which support and enrich the course programme:

Le Cercle français
Le Ciné-Club
Guest speakers (Jean Bousquet Lecture Series)
Tintamarre, a bilingual theatrical troupe
La Maison française (a French-language residence)
French programming, CHMA-FM Radio
Study Abroad Programme at Université de Strasbourg, France
Certificate of Bilingualism (see Section H under Degrees and Certificates)

PLACEMENT IN FRENCH

Placement of students in their first French course will be decided on the basis of a French Language Skills Assessment given by the Department. All students who have not studied French at Mount Allison previously must complete this assessment before registering for a course in French. The Skills Assessment is available on-line at <http://www.mta.ca/frenchplacement/> . Alternatively, a paper copy may be obtained by mail or fax from the Secretary of the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, (506) 364-2478. Students completing Majors, Minors, or Honours programmes in French should be aware that any exemptions from 1/2000 level courses obtained through the placement process must be replaced on their programmes by credits at the upper levels.

Language of Instruction and Assignments

All courses in the French curriculum are generally delivered in French alone, and all assignments, both oral and written, are to be completed in French. Exceptionally, two courses offer students the option of completing written work in English: French 2201 (Cinéma du monde francophone) and French 2841/2851 (Identités culturelles de la France contemporaine). In the case of the latter, students who intend to apply the credits towards the completion of a minor, major or honours programme must do the written work in French and register for the course under the number French 2841. Those completing the course with written work in English should register using the number French 2851.

Minimum standard in French for certain courses

While there is no course prerequisite for certain courses in French cinema and culture, there is a minimum standard of competency in French required for admission to these courses. Anyone wishing to register in French 2201, 2841/2851 and French 3841 must complete a French Skills Assessment at <http://www.mta.ca/frenchplacement> . Anyone proposing to register for French 2201 must demonstrate a knowledge of French equivalent to completion of French 1700 (placement in French 2401). Registration in French 2841/2851 requires a knowledge of French equivalent to completion of French 2401 (placement in French 2501). In the case of French 3841, permission of the Department in lieu of the normal prerequisite (French 2601) will be granted only to those who demonstrate a knowledge of French equivalent to completion of French 2501, i.e. placement in a 3000 or 4000 language class.

Disciplinary B.A. Programmes

Important note for advanced students: Students who have completed French 2401 or who have been placed in French 2501 may enrol for French 2501 and 2601 concurrently.

MINOR in French is 24 credits earned as follows:

0 to 6	French 1700, if required by placement
9	French 2401, 2501, 2601
3	French 3101
6 to 12	from French 2841 or French courses at the 3/4000 level

Note: French 2201 may only be included in the requirements for a minor if French 1700 is not required by placement. If an exemption is granted from any of the language courses, replacement credits must be obtained in other French courses at the 3/4000 level.

MAJOR AREA OF STUDY in French is 60 credits earned as follows:

9	from French 2401, 2501, 2601
15	from French language courses at the 3/4000 level
18	from French literature chosen from at least 2 centuries (series 3200 through 3600) and including 3 credits from the 3700 series and 3 credits from the 3800 series
18	from complementary courses in Arts & Letters and/or Humanities, including French 1700, if required by placement, French 2201 and 2841

Note: All complementary courses not specifically mentioned above must be chosen in consultation with the Programme Advisor prior to enrollment in them.

HONOURS in French is 66 credits earned as follows:

9	French 2401, 2501, 2601
15	from French language at 3/4000 level
18	from French 3200, 3300, 3400, 3500, 3600 series, including at least 3 credits in four of the five series
3	from French 3700 series
3	from French 3800 series (other than 3801)
3	French 3801 (Critique Littéraire)
6	French 4990 (Mémoire)
9	from French at the 3/4000 level and Linguistics, chosen in consultation with the Programme Advisor

Note: The listing of a course in the calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note: Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department or Programme Coordinator must be obtained.

FRENCH COURSES

FREN 1100 (6CR)
COMMUNICATING IN FRENCH I
Format: lecture three hours, laboratory 1 hour
(For Continuous Learning Students Only)A study of fundamental structures and vocabulary, emphasizing the development of basic speaking, reading and writing skills. In addition to the three hours of class per week, students will be responsible for at least an hour of independent oral language study. Instruction will be in French.

FREN 1651 (3CR)
PREPARATORY FRENCH
Format: lecture three hours, laboratory 1 hour
Prereq: Placement by the Department. A minimum standard of achievement on the French Skills Assessment is required.
Exclusion: FREN 1600
This one-semester French grammar course - designed for non-francophones who did not complete High School French - is an intensive review of basic grammatical structures with a particular emphasis on verb conjugation, pronouns, adjectives and syntax. Three class periods per week plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun. Instruction will be in French.

FREN 1700 (6CR)
INTERMEDIATE FRENCH
Format: lecture 3 hours, laboratory 1 hour
Prereq: Placement by the Department
An intensive approach to the development of communication skills through the integration of grammar study, writing practice, and oral exercises. The study of written and oral language will be reinforced by analysis and discussion of readings. Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun. Instruction will be in French.

FREN 2100 (6CR)
COMMUNICATING IN FRENCH II
Format: lecture three hours, laboratory 1 hour
Prereq: FREN 1100; or permission of the Department
(For Continuous Learning Students Only)An extensive study of grammar and idiomatic constructions, with emphasis on the development of vocabulary, speaking and writing. In addition to the three hours of class per week, students will be responsible for at least one hour of independent oral language study. Instruction will be in French.

FREN 2201 (3CR)
LE CINÉMA DU MONDE FRANCOPHONE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 1700; or equivalent by placement
A study of films and film makers of the French-speaking world, ranging from screen adaptations of literary works to an exploration of cultural issues, and an introduction to film theory and aesthetics. This course is taught in French. Written work may be submitted in English.

FREN 2401 (3CR)
LANGUE ET LECTURES
Format: lecture 3 hours, laboratory 1 hour
Prereq: FREN 1700; or placement by the Department
This course requires that students already have a good command of the fundamental aspects of French in both its spoken and written forms. Its objectives are: (1) to enhance the expression of more complex thought through the study and practice of appropriate sentence structures, such as hypothetical statements, subordinate constructions and sentences requiring the subjunctive; (2) to improve skills in reading works of literature by examining themes, characters and techniques; (3) to practice oral expression. Students will read short fiction, poetry and a play, and there will be written exercises designed to integrate language practice and appreciation of literature. Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun.

FREN 2501 (3CR)
INITIATION À LA COMPOSITION
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2401; or placement by the Department
This course provides an introduction to composition in French. It includes practice in writing letters and short narrative, descriptive and expository texts. It also provides practice in writing longer compositions, with emphasis on introduction, conclusion and organization of content. The study of model texts, both literary and non-literary, will familiarize students with grammatical structures and composition techniques in written French.

FREN 2601 (3CR)
INITIATION À L'ANALYSE LITTÉRAIRE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2501 and 2601 may be taken concurrently; or permission of the Department
This course continues the studies begun in French 2401 by further developing skills in reading and analysis. It provides an introduction to literary interpretation and various current approaches to literature. These approaches are applied to selected literary works from different periods and genres.

FREN 2841 (3CR)
IDENTITÉS CULTURELLES DANS LA FRANCE CONTEMPORAINE (to be completed in French)

FREN 2851 (3CR)
IDENTITÉS CULTURELLES DANS LA FRANCE CONTEMPORAINE (to be completed in English)
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2401 or equivalent knowledge of French (Skills Assessment placement above FREN 2401); or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FREN 1801, 2851 for 2841 and 2841 for 2851
Consideration of some of the issues and debates that help us to understand French culture, its diversity, its changing nature and its place in the modern world. Although some attention is paid to French politics and society, the primary goal of the course is to explore the multitude of voices that both define and divide modern France. The language of instruction is French, with course materials in both French and English. Students who wish to include this course in a French Minor, Major or Honours programme should register for FREN 2841 and are required to complete all assignments and exams in French. Students who register for FREN 2851 will complete assignments and exams in English and may not include this course in a French Minor, Major or Honours programme.

FREN 3000 SERIES ()

Prereq: FREN 2501 for 3101 and 3151; FREN 2601 for literature or culture courses (3201 through 3881); or permission of the Department

FREN 3101 (3CR)
LE FRANÇAIS ÉCRIT (AVANCÉ) I
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2501; or permission of the Department
Intensive review of French grammar with particular attention to features of special difficulty for anglophones. Practice in both grammatical structures and idiomatic usage.

FREN 3111 (3CR)
LE FRANÇAIS ÉCRIT (AVANCÉ) II
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 3101; or permission of the Department
Writing practice and composition; the idiomatic use of French in a variety of contexts: informal prose, expository writing, technical language, literary language. Vocabulary and style exercises.

FREN 3151 (3CR)
EXPRESSIVITÉ I
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2501; or permission of the Department
A course designed for students at the advanced level who have a serious desire to speak French with enhanced clarity, spontaneity and colour. A systematic study of phonological and prosodic features of French, both international and Canadian.

FREN 3161 (3CR)
EXPRESSIVITÉ II
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 3151; or permission of the Department
The objectives are similar to those of Expressivité I, but special emphasis will be placed on the acquisition of specific and varied vocabularies, on the study of Canadian variants, and on a variety of exercises designed to help students speak French with greater confidence.

FREN 3201 (3CR)
MOYEN-ÂGE ET RENAISSANCE: ÉPOPÉE, ROMAN ET POÉSIE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Selected works from the 11th to the 16th centuries representative of diverse narrative and lyrical traditions: epic poetry, novel, lyric poetry, fabliaux and satire. Works and authors studied may include, but are not limited to: La Chanson de Roland, Chrétien de Troyes, Marie de France, Rabelais, Marguerite de Navarre, François Villon, Louise Labé, Pierre Ronsard, and others.

FREN 3271 (3CR)
LES DÉBUTS DU THÉÂTRE EN FRANCE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Study of the origins of modern French theatre from the 12th to the 17th centuries including religious drama, miracle plays, mystery plays, farce, comedy and tragedy. Representative works and authors will be chosen from among: Le Jeu d'Adam, Adam de la Halle, Rutebeuf, La Farce de Maître Pathelin, La Farce du Cuvier, Gréban, Bèze, Garnier, Jodelle, Larivey, Corneille: L'Illusion comique.

FREN 3321 (3CR)
BAROQUE ET CLASSICISME
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Selected works from the lyrical, humanists, moralist and prose fiction currents from the end of the 16th century through the 17th century. Authors studied may include Montaigne, Descartes, Pascal, Scarron, Mlle de Scudéry, Furetière, Mme de Lafayette, Mme de Sévigné, La Fontaine et La Bruyère.

FREN 3371 (3CR)
LE THÉÂTRE CLASSIQUE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
A study of comedy and tragedy in the seventeenth century concentrating on selected works of Molière, Corneille and Racine.

FREN 3401 (3CR)
LE ROMAN DU DIX-HUITIÈME SIÈCLE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
A study of the birth of the modern novel, drawing on the works of Lesage, Marivaux, Prévost, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, Laclos, Sade, Diderot.

FREN 3421 (3CR)
LES PHILOSOPHES
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Study of the development of the philosophical movement in literature during the 18th century and concentrating on representative works of Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau and the Encyclopaedists.

FREN 3471 (3CR)
LE THÉÂTRE DU DIX-HUITIÈME SIÈCLE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
A study of the principal developments in the theatre during the 18th century. Representative works of playwrights, from among: Voltaire, Marivaux, Beaumarchais, La Chaussée, Sedaine, Lesage, Diderot.

FREN 3501 (3CR)
LE ROMANTISME
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Study of the Romantic movement during the first half of the 19th century in the novel, theatre and poetry. Representative authors and works from among: Chateaubriand, Stendhal, Balzac, Hugo, Lamartine, Vigny, Musset, Gautier.

FREN 3521 (3CR)
LE RÉALISME ET LE NATURALISME
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Study of the novel and short fiction during the second half of the 19th century. Representative authors and works from among: Flaubert, Zola, les frères Goncourt, de Maupassant and Daudet.

FREN 3551 (3CR)
LA POÉSIE DE BAUDELAIRE À VALÉRY
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
The major currents in lyric poetry during the second half of the 19th century. Representative authors and works from among: Baudelaire, Nerval, Lautréamont, Verlaine, Rimbaud, Mallarmé, Moréas, Laforgue and Valéry.

FREN 3601 (3CR)
LE ROMAN DE 1900 À 1945
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Study of the major currents in the novel through the Second World War. Representative authors and works from among: Proust, Gide, Mauriac, Malraux, Saint Exupéry, Colette, Céline, Breton, and Leiris.

FREN 3611 (3CR)
LE ROMAN DE 1945 JUSQU'À PRÉSENT
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Study of the major currents in the novel since the Second World War. Representative authors and works from among: Sartre, Camus, Butor, Beckett, Sarraute, Robbe-Grillet, Tournier, Duras, and Ernaux.

FREN 3651 (3CR)
LA POÉSIE DU VINGTIÈME SIÈCLE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Study of the major currents in lyric poetry of the 20th century. Representative authors and works from among: Apollinaire, Breton, Char, Michaux, Prévert, St.-John Perse, Eluard, Ponge, Guillevic, Bonnefoy, Boucher, Dupin, Jaccottet, Supervielle.

FREN 3671 (3CR)
LE THÉÂTRE DU VINGTIÈME SIÈCLE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Study of the major currents of 20th century theatre. Representative authors and works from among: Anouilh, Arrabal, Camus, Genet, Grumberg, Ionesco, Jarry, Koltès, Schmitt, Tilly, and Vitrac.

FREN 3711 (3CR)
ROMAN QUÉBÉCOIS
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Study of the main currents in the novel of Québec. Representative authors and works from among: Roy, Lemelin, Thériault, Besette, Blais, Carrier, Godbout, Hébert, Aquin, and others.

FREN 3741 (3CR)
L'ACADIE: DE L'EMPREMIER À NOS JOURS
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FREN 3831
This course offers a survey of Acadie, its history, culture and language, and especially of its literature. Of central importance will be the study of Acadian identity, as defined by the often contradictory concepts of tradition, assimilation, resistance and marginalisation. Materials will include literary and non-literary texts, music, film, and electronic resources.

FREN 3751 (3CR)
LA POÉSIE DU CANADA FRANÇAIS
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Study of the main currents and works of poetry of French Canada in the 19th and 20th centuries. Representative poets and works from among: Nelligan, les poètes de l'Hexagone, Saint-Denys Garneau, Hébert, Miron, Giguère, Vigneault, and others.

FREN 3771 (3CR)
THÉÂTRE DU CANADA FRANÇAIS
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Study of the principal currents and works of the theatre of French Canada. Representative authors and works from among: Bouchard, Dubé, Garneau, Gélinas, Germain, Ducharme, Laberge, Tremblay and Maillet.

FREN 3801 (3CR)
LA CRITIQUE LITTÉRAIRE FRANÇAISE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
An introduction to the principal methods of modern and contemporary French literary criticism. The course includes representative approaches from among structuralism, feminism, hermeneutics, socio-marxism, and post-structuralism.

FREN 3821 (3CR)
ÉCRITURES AU FÉMININ: ÉCRIVAINES D'EXPRESSION FRANÇAISE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Study of literary works by women writers of French expression chosen from any time period(s) from the Middle Ages to the present. The focus, to be determined by the instructor, may be as narrow as works from one geographical region written during a well defined and limited time frame or as broad as a comparative study of works from different time periods and different geographical areas. The approach and methodology will be based on feminist theory and reflect feminist perspectives.

FREN 3841 (3CR)
CULTURES FRANCOPHONES: ÉTUDES CRITIQUES
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 2501, 2601; or permission of the Department
Critical analysis from a Cultural Studies perspective of cultural identities in France and the French-speaking world. Readings will include literary and non-literary texts, both canonical and non-canonical, representing domains as diverse as history, politics, philosophy, popular culture and the popular press.

FREN 4001 (3CR)
STYLISTIQUE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 3111; or permission of the Department
An advanced study of written French, concentrating on the following: the peculiarities of French style, the nature of idiomatic expression and levels of language, "faux amis" and Canadianisms. Written exercises are required on a regular basis.

FREN 4011 (3CR)
TRADUCTION
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: FREN 3111; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FREN 4001 (Stylistique II)
The course includes detailed study and written exercises dealing with the following: comparative stylistics (French/English), technical problems of translation, literal translation, transposition and equivalence. Written exercises in both translation and composition are required.

FREN 4901 (3CR)
SELECTED TOPICS
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Permission of the Department
A seminar course available to students who have completed at least two courses in French literature at the 3000 level and at least in two period or theme series (e.g: series of courses whose numbers begin with 32 to 38)

FREN 4990 (6CR)
MÉMOIRE
Format: independent study/essay
Prereq: Permission of the Department
(Honours Essay) The subject and programme of research will be established at the end of the student's third year, and submitted for approval to the Department. The essay must show evidence of scholarly investigation and will be written in French.

GERMAN STUDIES

The German language is spoken by approximately 120 million people in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg and Liechtenstein, and by more than one million Canadians. German is one of the official languages of the United Nations and is the second most widely used foreign language in Europe.

German has a long tradition at Mount Allison University, having been taught here at least since 1870. Today, Mount Allison offers a small but comprehensive and rigorous programme in German Language, Literature and Culture within the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures. Students may select courses and programmes from beginners' language courses to various Minor, Major, or Honours combinations.

Students graduating with a minor or major in German will be prepared for several types of jobs, such as teaching, translating and interpreting, or careers in External Affairs and International Trade and various government agencies and NGOs, the news media, publishers, airlines, shipping companies and firms involved in international trade, to name a few. In many other professions, knowledge of German is an asset.

LANGUAGE COURSES

The German language programme is designed to impart to the student a good working knowledge of German. Students will also gain insight into the culture and mode of life of the German-speaking countries. In addition, as experience shows, students of foreign languages generally show significant improvement in their primary language skills.

LITERATURE COURSES

German literature is rich and varied. While the programme presents an overall picture of German literature, particular emphasis is placed on representative authors and movements. The language of instruction in all courses at the 3000 and 4000 level is German.

Programmes and Activities

The Department sponsors other programmes and activities which support and enrich the course programme:

Der Deutsche Klub, a student-run club which supplements the academic programmes.

Das Deutsche Haus, the German-language section of the language house, when there is sufficient interest.

Tübingen Exchange, between Mount Allison University and the Universität Tübingen which permits students to complete an academic year abroad.

Students are encouraged to participate in various programmes which allow them to spend some part of the year in Germany, on scholarships, working, or enrolled in a summer school, such as German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) <http://www.DAAD.org/> , Work-Student-Programme, Canadian Summer School in Kassel/German. <http://www.uvic.ca/german/cssg/> .

Disciplinary B.A. Programmes

MINOR in German is 24 credits earned as follows:

18	from German 1000, 2000, 3000
3	from German 3/4000 level literature courses
3	from German 2351, 2701 and German 3/4000 level literature courses, chosen in consultation with the Programme Advisor

MAJOR AREA OF STUDY in German is 60 credits earned as follows:

18	from German 1000, 2000, 3000
3	from German 2351, 2701
21	from German 3/4000 level literature courses
18	credits from complementary courses in Arts and Letters and Humanities, chosen in consultation with the Programme Advisor

HONOURS in German is 72 credits earned as follows:

42	credits as in the first three lines of the Major, plus:
12	from the second and fourth lines of the Major
18	from German 4030, 4950/4951, 4990, chosen in consultation with the Programme Advisor

Note: A major in Modern Languages (French, German and Spanish), is also available.

Note: The listing of a course in the calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

SUMMER PROGRAMMES IN GERMANY

There is a possibility of taking summer courses for credit in Germany at the second, third and fourth year levels. Students interested should contact the Modern Languages and Literature Department before Christmas. Prereq: GERM 1000

GERMAN COURSES

GERM 1000 (6CR)
ELEMENTARY GERMAN
Format: lecture 3 hours, laboratory 1 hour
An intensive course designed for students with no previous knowledge of German. Acquisition of basic proficiency in comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing. Three class periods and one period of oral practice in the language laboratory to be arranged after classes have begun.

GERM 2000 (6CR)
INTERMEDIATE GERMAN
Format: lecture 3 hours, laboratory 1 hour
Prereq: GERM 1000; or permission of the Department. Students entering from high school with advanced credit should see the Department before enrolling.
Review of grammar and syntax. Expansion of vocabulary to about 2000 words. Composition and conversation. Introduction to literary analysis. Three class periods, and one discussion/practice period to be arranged after classes have begun.

GERM/HIST 2351 (3CR)
GERMAN CULTURE AND SOCIETY FROM 1870 TO THE PRESENT
Format: lecture 3 hours
Note: This course is cross-listed as HIST 2351 and therefore count as three credits in either discipline.
Starting with the origins of the German 'Angst' and the founding of the German Empire during the Franco-Prussian War, this course will trace the political, economic, social, cultural and scientific developments in German-speaking countries through the Bismarck period, the era of Wilhelm II, the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich and the post-World War II period, ending with a vision of the "New Europe". Language of instruction: English.

GERM 2701 (3CR)
THE NEW GERMAN FILM: HISTORY, THEORY, AND PRACTICE. A REVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GERMAN CINEMA AFTER WWII
Format: lecture 3 hours, film screening 2.5 hours
After a brief history of German film making from its beginnings, and a discussion of the "grammar of film", the course follows the development of the New German Cinema after 1945, examining selected works against the social, economic, and political background. The course will be conducted as a lecture/seminar course, with screenings and discussions of relevant films (screen/video). Language of instruction: English.

GERM 3000 (6CR)
ADVANCED GERMAN
Format: lecture 3 hours, laboratory 1 hour
Prereq: GERM 2000; or permission of the Department
Advanced grammar and syntax, further expansion of the active vocabulary, introduction to stylistics. Frequent compositions and oral reports. Three class periods, and one discussion/practice period to be arranged after classes have begun.

GERM 3101 (3CR)
ROMANTIC POETRY
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: GERM 2000; or permission of the Department
This course will place its main emphasis on the genre of romantic poetry and poetics, including German Lieder, to show the close relationship between music and literature of the period. Also the continuation of Romantic concepts of poetry within the twentieth century will be examined. This course is also designed to develop students' reading and writing ability in German. Special emphasis will be placed on oral skills by frequent poetry reading.

GERM 3111 (3CR)
ROMANTIC PROSE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: GERM 2000; or permission of the Department
Representative works of the romantic period in German literature, including short stories, Märchen and dramas will be read. Wherever possible, contemporary works of other European literatures will be drawn on so that a definition of Romanticism in its European context will emerge. This course is also designed to develop students' reading and writing ability as well as aural and oral skills through frequent discussions.

GERM 3211 (3CR)
NINETEENTH-CENTURY GERMAN LITERATURE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: GERM 2000; or permission of the Department
Representative works of "Biedermeier" and poetic realism will be examined as a reaction to earlier German idealistic literature and as a reflection of a more scientific, objective view of the world. The more radical realism of "Naturalismus" toward the end of the 19th century will be contrasted to the symbolistic movement, impressionism and neo-romanticism. This course will also expose students to various approaches to literary interpretations as well as develop their reading, aural and oral skills in German.

GERM 3221 (3CR)
EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY GERMAN LITERATURE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: GERM 2000; or permission of the Department
This course traces German literature as a reflection of political, sociological, economic, and scientific developments from a period of optimism before World War I to the turbulent twenties, through years of oppression during the Third Reich to the immediate post-war period dominated by attempts to come to terms with Germany's war-time experiences. This course is also designed to develop the students' reading, aural, and oral skills in German.

GERM 3231 (3CR)
MODERN GERMAN LITERATURE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: GERM 2000; or permission of the Department
Selected works of writers from German-speaking countries will be read. These works will reflect on the partition of Germany after World War II into politically opposing camps, the economic miracle in West Germany with its social implications, and the continued pre-occupation of a united Germany with its fascist and communist past. This course is designed to develop the student's reading ability and aural and oral skills in German.

GERM 3301 (3CR)
ENLIGHTENMENT LITERATURE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: GERM 2000; or permission of the Department
A study of representative works of those authors who helped shape the period generally known as the German Enlightenment, the first age in German cultural history which recognized the instrumental role people can play in determining their own destiny in this world (cf. Kant's definition of "Aufklärung"). Authors to be studied include Brockes, Haller, Gellert, Lessing, and Wieland.

GERM 3311 (3CR)
LITERATURE OF THE LATE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: GERM 2000; or permission of the Department
It is the aim of this course to demonstrate the underlying unity in the varied patterns which constitute this period. Terms such as Empfindsamkeit and Sturm und Drang will all be shown to be contributing to, and be manifestations of, the complex nature of Enlightenment from which German Classicism, Romanticism and Realism emerge as resulting alternatives. Authors to be studied include Lenz, Herder and the young Goethe and Schiller.

GERM 4030 (6CR)
GOETHE AND SCHILLER
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Six 3000 level German credits; or permission of the Department
A close reading of major works of Goethe and Schiller. The course traces the intellectual and literary development in Germany from the Storm and Stress period of the young Goethe to German Classicism which coincides with the friendship and interaction between Goethe and Schiller. In addition to several dramas by both authors, their major poems will be discussed. The last eight weeks or so will be devoted to a close study of Faust I and II. The course will be conducted as a seminar involving class discussion and lectures. Two essays and two examinations will be required.

GERM 4040 (6CR)
SURVEY OF EARLY GERMAN LITERATURE
Format: lecture 3 hours
The development of German literature from the Middle Ages to the Age of Enlightenment will be traced through detailed analysis and discussion of selected works from each period. Texts chosen will be examined within their cultural and social context, as well as with regard to their relation to the other European Literatures. The ultimate aim of the course is the furthering of an understanding of the forces (cultural, social, economic) which helped create the Weimar Classicism of Goethe and Schiller. The course will be conducted as a seminar (two 75-minutes periods per week). Two essays and two examinations will be required

GERM 4950/4951 (6/3CR)
SEMINAR
Format: independent study/essay
Prereq: Six 3000 level German credits; or permission of the Department
Detailed study of individual authors or literary themes. The content of the course must be approved by the Department and arrangements made during the preceding Spring.

GERM 4990 (6CR)
HONOURS ESSAY
Format: independent study/essay
Prereq: Six 3000 level German credits; or permission of the Department
The subject and programme of research must be submitted to the Department for approval, normally at the end of the student's third year; and the candidate is to be directly responsible to a supervisor and the Department. The essay must be written in German.

HISPANIC STUDIES

Spanish is one of the most widely spoken languages of the western world and is an official language of the United Nations' Organization. Canada's interest in the Spanish-speaking world is reflected in organizations such as CIDA, CUSO, WUSC and the Canadian Association of Latin-American Studies.

Courses in Spanish, offered within the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, offer the student a two-fold goal: the first, to learn to speak, understand, read and write this important language - particular attention is directed towards the students' achieving oral-aural proficiency, both in class and in the language laboratory; the second, to become familiar with the culture of the Hispanic world through study of its literary and artistic works. Prizes are offered by the Department for excellence in Spanish Studies.

The study of Spanish can be very important in preparing for a career in the diplomatic corps, various international agencies, teaching, translation, journalism, publishing, and commercial and cultural relations between Canada and Spanish-speaking countries.

The Department supports other programmes and activities which enrich the course programme. These include Club Hispanico, a film series, Casa Hispana (the Spanish-language section of the language house, when there is sufficient interest) and the possibilities of study in Spain, Central or South America. An exchange programme with the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid provides a special opportunity for advanced students.

Disciplinary B.A. Programmes

MINOR in Hispanic Studies is 24 credits earned as follows:

18	from Spanish 1100, 2100, 3101, 3111
6	either from Spanish 2001, 2011, 3001, 3011
	or
	from Spanish 3001, 3011, and literature courses in Spanish at the 3000 level, chosen in consultation with the Programme Advisor

MAJOR AREA OF STUDY in Hispanic Studies is 60 credits earned as follows:

18	from Spanish 1100, 2100, 3101, 3111
6	from Spanish 2001, 2011
18	from Spanish at the 3000 level, offered in Spanish
18	credits from complementary courses in Arts and Letters, History, Classics, Social Sciences, chosen in consultation with the Programme Advisor

Note: A major in Modern Languages (French, German and Spanish), is also available.

Note: The listing of a course in the calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

SPANISH COURSES

SPAN 1100 (6CR)
INTRODUCTORY SPANISH
Format: lecture 3 hours, laboratory 1 hour
Elements of grammar, pronunciation and practice, (including language laboratory), reading of prescribed texts. This is an intensive course designed for students who have no previous knowledge of Spanish. Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun.

SPAN 2001 (3CR)
INTRODUCTION TO SPAIN
Format: lecture 3 hours
A survey of the history, literature and art of Spain from the Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century. This course is taught in English and knowledge of Spanish is not a prerequisite.

SPAN 2011 (3CR)
INTRODUCTION TO LATIN AMERICA
Format: lecture 3 hours
A survey of the literature of Latin America in the context of the cultural history of the continent. This course is taught in English and knowledge of Spanish is not a prerequisite.

SPAN 2100 (6CR)
INTERMEDIATE SPANISH
Format: lecture 3 hours, laboratory 1 hour
Prereq: SPAN 1100; or permission of the Department
Intermediate grammar, oral practice, (including language laboratory), reading of prescribed texts. Introduction to Hispanic literature and civilization. This course is intended to consolidate and develop language skills acquired in first year Spanish. Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun.

SPAN 3001 (3CR)
SPANISH DRAMA
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: None; course taught in English
A survey of the dramatic literature of Spain, with a focus on theatre, ideology, and society. The texts, in English translation, will be representative of the works of a limited number of distinguished Spanish dramatists.

SPAN 3011 (3CR)
LATIN-AMERICAN DRAMA
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: None; course taught in English
A survey of dramatic works from Latin America, with a focus on theatre, ideology, and society. The texts, in English translation, will be representative of Latin-American playwrights as well as Latino writers from the United States and Canada.

SPAN 3101 (3CR)
ADVANCED SPANISH I
Format: lecture 3 hours, laboratory 1 hour
Prereq: SPAN 2100; or permission of the Department
This course includes intensive conversation, composition and translation. Applied grammar will be included, as will exposure to Hispanic cultures through audiovisual resources (film, print journalism and computer-based sources).Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun.

SPAN 3111 (3CR)
ADVANCED SPANISH II
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: SPAN 3101; or permission of the Department
A continuation of the Advanced Spanish Language course, primarily through literary texts from Spain and Latin America. This course includes intensive practice in writing, translation, and oral expression, and offers an introduction to Hispanic Literatures that is a prerequisite (or, with permission from the Department, a co-requisite) for all Hispanic Studies courses numbered 3200 and higher.

SPAN 3201 (3CR)
MEDIEVAL SPANISH LITERATURE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department
A study of the rise and evolution of Spanish literature against its historical background through the reading and discussion of literary works of all types from the 11th to the 15th centuries. This course will be conducted in Spanish.

SPAN 3211 (3CR)
SPANISH LITERATURE OF THE GOLDEN AGE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department
A study of the literature of Spain of the 16th and 17th centuries. Particular attention will be given to poetry, theatre and the novel. This course will be conducted in Spanish.

SPAN 3221 (3CR)
NINETEENTH-CENTURY SPANISH LITERATURE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department
A study of the poetry and theatre of the Romantic period and of the novel of the second half of the century. This course will be conducted in Spanish.

SPAN 3231 (3CR)
TWENTIETH-CENTURY SPANISH LITERATURE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department
A study of selected poetry, novels and plays of this century beginning with the "Generacion de 1898". This course will be conducted in Spanish.

SPAN 3301 (3CR)
SHORT PROSE OF LATIN AMERICA
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department
A survey of the short story and the essay, concentrating primarily on the Twentieth Century. Readings from some of the principal essayists and short story writers. This course will be conducted in Spanish.

SPAN 3311 (3CR)
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN NOVEL
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department
A study of 19th and 20th Century novels and of the principal themes and forms of the genre. This course will be conducted in Spanish.

SPAN 3321 (3CR)
SPANISH-AMERICAN THEATRE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department
A survey of the theatre of Latin America, through a study of key examples of its dramatic literature and historical trends. This course will be conducted in Spanish.

SPAN 3331 (3CR)
SPANISH-AMERICAN POETRY
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department
A survey of the poetry of Latin America, concentrating on the modern (20th Century) period. This course will be conducted in Spanish.

SPAN 4800/4801 (6/3CR)
SPECIAL TOPICS IN HISPANIC LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: At least six credits in 3000 level Literature courses offered in Spanish; or permission of the Department
This seminar course provides students with an opportunity to pursue in-depth study of a specific area of Hispanic Language or Literature.

SPAN 4950/4951 (6/3CR)
A PROGRAMME OF INDEPENDENT STUDY
Format: independent study
Prereq: Permission of the Department
Study of a well-defined subject carried out on a tutorial basis. The syllabus will be planned at the end of the student's third year in consultation with the professor directing the work.

JAPANESE STUDIES

Interdisciplinary B.A. Programme

INTERDISCIPLINARY MINOR in Japanese Studies is 24 credits earned as follows:

12	from Japanese 1000, 2000
12	from Economics 1000(or 1001 and 1011), 3501, 3531, Geography 3321, History/Political Science 3731, History 2700, Religious Studies 3101, 3891

Note: Transfer credits earned at Kwansei Gakuin University may be applied in fulfillment of this programme with permission of the Programme Advisor and an Academic Dean. Exchange students who have earned 60 or more credits in Japanese Studies may apply for approval of a specially approved Interdisciplinary Major in Japanese Studies in accordance with Calendar Regulation 7.2.12.

Note: The listing of a course in the calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

JAPANESE COURSES

JAPA 1000 (6CR)
INTRODUCTORY JAPANESE
Format: lecture 3 hours, laboratory 1 hour
An introduction to the main elements of the modern Japanese language. Emphasis is placed on learning the hiragana and katakana systems of writing and the essentials of grammar. In addition students will begin to learn the kanji character form. An increasing emphasis will be placed on communication in spoken and written Japanese. Three hours of class and one hour of language laboratory per week. Intended for students with no prior background in Japanese.

JAPA 2000 (6CR)
INTERMEDIATE JAPANESE
Format: lecture 3 hours, laboratory 1 hour
Prereq: JAPA 1000; or permission of the Department
A continuation of Japanese 1000 with particular attention directed to communications skills in both writing and speaking. Three hours of class and one hour of language laboratory per week.

LINGUISTICS

Like other inquiries which are central to human experience, language has long been the focus of intellectual examination. Speculation on the nature of language appears in the works of Plato, Aristotle and other Greek philosophers. Although a number of disciplines, from literary studies to computer science, share the study of language with linguistics, the focus of linguistics is the scientific study of language. Linguists are interested in how human language is organized in the human mind and in how the social structures of human communities shape language to their own purposes, reflecting themselves in language use.

Note: The listing of a course in the calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

LINGUISTICS COURSES

LING 2001 (3CR)
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: None
A general-interest course intended to acquaint students in all fields with the structural, social and psychological forces that shape language, beginning with a consideration of the origins and nature of language and proceeding to an examination of languages as systems and the ways they structure meaning.

LING 3001 (3CR)
FUNDAMENTALS OF GENERAL LINGUISTICS.
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Normally LING 2001 and a minimum of six credits in a language other than English are expected. However, students completing a Major or Honours in Modern Languages, Literatures and Cultures will be admitted without LING 2001; or permission of the Department
This course on the nature and structure of language examines the physiology of speech, word formation, theoretical concepts of sentence generation, and the phonological and historical forces involved in language creation and language change. It is recommended for senior students in language and literary studies, and students interested in language pathology.

LING 3011 (3CR)
LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: LING 2001 and a minimum of six credits in a language other than English; or permission of the Department
This course is an introduction to issues and methods in the field of sociolinguistics, the study of the interaction between language and the structure and functioning of society. It includes topics in language variation, the contact of languages and bilingualism, and issues in second-language acquisition.

MODERN LANGUAGES

Interdisciplinary B.A. Programme

INTERDISCIPLINARY MAJOR in Modern Languages, Literatures, and Culture is 72 credits earned as follows:

A.	33 credits from one of French, German or Hispanic Studies, with a minimum of 15 from the 3/4000 levels, as follows:
	33	21 from French 1700, 2401, 2501, 2601, 3101 and 3111
		3 to 6 from French 2201, 2841, 3841
		6 to 9 from French literature 3201, 3271, 3321, 3371, 3401, 3421, 3471, 3501, 3521, 3551, 3601, 3611, 3651, 3671, 3711, 3741, 3751, 3771, 3801, 3821, 4901
or	33	18 from German 1000, 2000, 3000
		3 to 6 from German 2351, 2701
		9 to 12 from German literature 3101, 3111, 3211, 3221, 3231, 3301, 3311, 4030, 4040, 4950/51
or	33	18 from Spanish 1100, 2100, 3101, 3111
		3 to 6 from Spanish 2001, 2011
		9 to 12 from Hispanic literatures 3201, 3211, 3221, 3231, 3301, 3311, 3321, 3331, 4800/4801, 4950/51
B.	24 credits from a second of the three study areas listed above, as follows:
	24	18 from French 1700, 2401, 2501, 3101 and 3111
		6 from French 2201, 2601, 2841, 3201, 3271, 3321, 3371, 3401, 3421, 3471, 3501, 3521, 3551, 3601, 3611, 3651, 3671, 3711, 3741, 3751, 3771, 3801, 3821, 4901
or	24	18 from German 1000, 2000, 3000
		6 from German 2351, 2701, 3101, 3111, 3211, 3221, 3231, 3301, 3311, 4030, 4040, 4950/51
or	24	18 from Spanish 1100, 2100, 3101, 3111
		6 from Spanish 2001, 2011, 3201, 3211, 3221, 3231, 3301, 3311, 3321, 3331, 4800/4801, 4950/51
C.	12 credits from a third language, other than those previously selected, chosen from French, German, Spanish or Japanese, as follows:
	12	from French 1700, 2401, 2501
or	12	from German 1000, 2000
or	12	from Spanish 1100, 2100
or	12	from Japanese 1000, 2000
D.	3	from Linguistics 3001

Note: All literature and culture courses are to be chosen in consultation with the programme advisor.

Note: Any student exempted from a language course must replace that course with a language course at a higher level, or if none is available, with a literature or culture course taught in the target language, chosen in consultation with the programme advisor.

Note: Students choosing this major may not complete a minor in either the first or second languages of specialization; they may complete a minor in the third language of specialization.

HONOURS in Modern Languages, Literatures and Cultures is composed of 78 credits as follows:

A.	36 credits, including 18 credits from each of two of the following three Language groups, as follows:
	18	9 from French 2401, 2501, 2601; 9 from French 3101, 3111, 3151, 3161, 4001, 4011 (or equivalent/replacement language credits)
	18	from German 1000, 2000, 3000 (or equivalent/replacement language credits)
	18	from Spanish 1100, 2100, 3101 and 3111 (or equivalent/replacement language credits)
B.	24 credits from the literatures of the two specializations chosen above (12 credits from each of the two specializations)
	12	from French literature 3201, 3271, 3321, 3371, 3401, 3421, 3471, 3501, 3521, 3551, 3601, 3611, 3651, 3671, 3711, 3741, 3751, 3771, 3801, 3821, 4901 or French 3841
	12	from German literature 3101, 3111, 3211, 3221, 3231, 3301, 3311, 4030, 4040, 4950/51
	12	from Hispanic literatures 3201, 3211, 3221, 3231, 3301, 3311, 3321, 3331, 4800/4801, 4950/51
C.	9 credits from culture courses in the two specializations chosen above, (at least 3 credits from each of the two specializations), chosen from the following:
	3 to 6	from French 2201, 2841, 3841
	3 to 6	from German 2351, 2701
	3 to 6	from Spanish 2001, 2011, 3001, 3011
D.	3	from Linguistics 3001
E.	6	from MLLC 4990 (Honours Essay)

Note: Students completing this Honours programme may not record a minor in either the first or second languages of specialization.

Note: The listing of a course in the calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

MODERN LANGUAGES, LITERATURES AND CULTURES COURSES

MLLC 4990 (6CR)
HONOURS ESSAY
Format: independent study/thesis
Prereq: Permission of the Department
The subject and programme of research will be established at the end of the third year and submitted to the Department for approval. The essay must show evidence of scholarly investigation.