Note: The listing of a course in the calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note: Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department or Program Coordinator must be obtained.

BIOC 2001 (3CR)
INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY
Format: lecture 3 hours, laboratory 3 hours
Prereq: BIOL 1501, CHEM 2101 or 2111; or permission of the Department
The structures, properties and reactions of the principal molecules present in living cells will be discussed. All of the major classes of biological molecules (carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids and amino acids) and their polymers (e.g. polysaccharides, proteins) will be discussed: there will be a major emphasis on the relationships between their structure and their function. The central place of water in biological systems will also be discussed. There will be a major emphasis on the structure/function relationships of the above molecules. The importance of acid-base equilibria, the principles of elementary bio-energetics and elementary enzyme kinetics will be explored. In addition basic primary metabolism (glycolysis, citric acid cycle, betaoxidation, electron transport, photosynthesis and fatty acid synthesis) will be introduced. Weekly 3-hour laboratory sessions will provide first hand experience in the study of biological molecules and biochemical techniques.

BIOC 3501 (3CR)
METABOLISM
Format: lecture 3 hours, laboratory 3 hours
Prereq: BIOC 2001, BIOL 1501; or permission of the Department
Life depends on the coordinated biochemical transformations of matter, energy and information through metabolic pathways. Many of these paths are conserved in a wide range of organisms. We will cover the central metabolic strategies and pathways, including chemoautotrophic, respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport, chemiosmotic generation of ATP, the Calvin cycle and carbohydrate metabolism, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, fatty acid and lipid metabolism, along with selected topics in secondary metabolism. There is a strong emphasis on how organisms integrate the various metabolic paths, and how fluxes through the paths are balanced. Weekly 3-hour laboratory sessions will provide first hand experience in the study of metabolic biochemistry.

BIOC 3531 (3CR)
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Format: lecture 3 hours, laboratory 3 hours
Prereq: BIOL 2601 and BIOC 2001; or permission of the Department
Molecular biology is transforming the study of living systems and changing our economy, medicine, agriculture and justice system. The power of molecular biology derives from a small set of core properties conserved across the DNA-based genomes of cells. This course will focus on the "central dogma" of molecular biology - DNA makes RNA makes protein. Lectures and laboratory work are integrated in an experiential approach to cover a sequence of the key concepts of the molecular basis of biology, and their applications to the study of gene structure, expression and modification.

BIOC/BIOL 3711 (3CR)
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGY
Format: lecture/seminar 3 hours
Prereq: BIOL 2101, BIOC 2001; or permission of the Department
Note: This course is cross-listed and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.
This course deals with the biochemistry of interactions between animals, plants and microorganisms that occur in the natural environment. Strong emphasis is placed on the role of 'secondary metabolites' or 'natural products' such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, etc., in the insect-plant, vertebrate-plant, plant-plant and vertebrate-vertebrate relationships.

BIOC/CHEM 4151 (3CR)
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: BIOORGANIC
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: CHEM 3111; or permission of the Department
Note: This course is cross-listed and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.
The principles of organic chemistry as they apply to biochemical problems will be presented. Topics covered include enzymic reaction mechanisms, enzyme cofactors, peptide and nucleic acid synthesis, enzymes in organic synthesis.

BIOC/CHEM 4351 (3CR)
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY: BIOINORGANIC
Format: lecture 3 hours, major term project
Prereq: CHEM 3321; or permission of the Department
Note: This course is cross-listed and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.
The roles metals play in biochemical systems will be examined. An overview of bioinorganic chemistry and a discussion of metals in medicine will be included.

BIOC 4501 (3CR)
METABOLIC REGULATION
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: BIOC 3501; or permission of the Department
Intact biochemical systems are webs of reactions and interactions functioning both temporally and spatially: biochemical/physiological processes function through finite time, and are molded by distance and volume. The response of biochemical webs of reactions to internal and external information is referred to as metabolic regulation. These responses may take place in a time window measured in seconds or, in the case of seasonal effects, months, and even years. Biochemistry 4501 will examine 'traditional' theories and modeling of regulation, regulation at the substrate, enzyme (particularly phosphorylation networks), gene transcription and protein translation levels. This traditional approach will be compared to alternative systems-based approaches of metabolic control theory. In this light we will look at how animal systems adapt to drastic modification eg. gene knockout or protein over expression and how some of these recent observations pose a serious challenge to conventional biochemical/physiological thinking.

BIOC 4511 (3CR)
SPECIAL TOPICS IN BIOCHEMISTRY
Format: independent study
This course provides an opportunity for a student to undertake the study of a topic in which she/he has a special interest. The course work will deal with different selected areas in modern Biochemistry. The program of study will be jointly planned by the student and a faculty member. The content, format, and prerequisite will vary depending upon the particular area of Biochemistry to be covered, but generally will require the agreement of an instructor and permission of the Biochemistry program director. The course can be carried out in one term or throughout the year for three credits.

BIOC 4521 (3CR)
PROTEIN BIOCHEMISTRY
Format: lecture 3 hours, laboratory 3 hours
Prereq: BIOC 3501; or permission of the Department
The topics covered in Biochemistry 4521 include protein structure (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary); the relationship between structure and biological function; enzyme catalysis and mechanism; isolation, purification and characterization of proteins; metabolism of proteins (synthesis and degradation) and recent trends in protein design. This course relies heavily on the internet resources that have become highly developed during the last decade. Students will become familiar with sequence comparison, motif searching and development of visual protein structures constructed from the protein structural data bases available over the web. The laboratory will give students practical experience with the fun and frustration of protein isolation, enzyme purfication and kinetics, and protein/ligand binding phenomena.

BIOC 4531 (3CR)
TOPICS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: BIOC 3531; or permission of the Department
This course uses lectures, discussion, directed research and student seminars to examine applications of molecular and genomic biology to biology , medicine and technology. It covers introductory bioinformatics and current advances in molecular biology chosen in consultation with students.

BIOC 4541 (3CR)
BIOCHEMICAL ADAPTATION OF ANIMALS
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: BIOC 3501; or permission of the Department
The biochemistry of adaptations that animals have evolved to allow them to survive and exploit harsh environments has become a firmly established field during the last couple of decades. The advent of proteomic and molecular biological tools, added to more familiar study of enzyme structure and catalysis, has advanced the field rapidly and has allowed us to understand many of these survival strategies at the molecular level. This course will examine the biochemical adaptations to stresses such as oxygen limitation, temperature, pressure and water availability. The major topics that will be examined are the biochemistry of hibernation, freeze tolerance, anoxia, high pressure (e.g. animals at sea floor rifts) and anhydrobiosis.

BIOC 4551 (3CR)
PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: BIOC 3501; or permission of the Department
This course will deal with the role of compartmentation in the regulation of plant metabolism. Following discussion of the plant cell and its organelles, the location of metabolic routes will be examined, including the synthetic and degradative metabolism of carbon and nitrogen compounds. Other topics to be examined will include; membrane structure and transport of metabolites, shuttles and photorespiration; symbiotic metabolism of lichens, root nodules; algal-invertebrate associations. Laboratory studies will complement classroom discussion.

BIOC 4903 (3CR)
CURRENT ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMISTRY
Format: lecture/seminar 3 hours
Coreq: Registration in BIOC 4990; or permission of the Department
A seminar course for Honours students in Biochemistry, which will critically evaluate a wide range of topics from the current literature. Students will be expected to deliver seminars on topics outside their thesis areas and present preliminary thesis results.

BIOC 4911 (3CR)
SELECTED TOPICS IN BIOCHEMISTRY
Format: Variable
Prereq: Permission of the Department
This course deals with different selected areas in Biochemistry. The course content, format (which could include a lab) and prerequisites will vary depending on the particular area of biochemistry to be covered.

BIOC 4990 (6CR)
HONOURS THESIS
Format: independent study/thesis
Prereq: Consent of supervising staff member prior to registration and permission of the Chair of the Biochemistry Program