The Humanities 1600 series is intended to provide an introduction to Humanities disciplines. These three-credit courses offered by the participating disciplines of Classics, History, Philosophy and Religious Studies are designed to acquaint beginning students with the methodologies typical of these disciplines and to familiarize them with the approaches taken, as well as the sorts of themes pursued and questions raised in these disciplines.

Students will normally take courses in sequential order from first through fourth years. Further information about specific courses, faculty members and special programs is available in the Department of History Handbook. Students should also be familiar with the university requirements for the B.A. degree, outlined in section 7.2 of the academic calendar.

Note: The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note: Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department or Program Co-ordinator must be obtained.

HIST 1601 (3CR)
NEW NATIONS IN NORTH AMERICA
Format: lecture 3 hours
This course will examine the transfer of European ideas, institutions, political and economic structures to North America, and consider the reshaping of these by the North American experience. Particular emphasis will be placed on the transition from the colonial experience to the realization of new states.

HIST 1611 (3CR)
THE EXPANSION OF EUROPE ABROAD
Format: lecture 3 hours
This course will focus on the expansion of Europe after the 15th century and the impact of that expansion on both Native peoples and on European civilization. Themes to be considered are the creation of a world economy, racial relations, the rise and fall of European power, the impact of technology, the growth of indigenous nationalism, and the legacy of European expansion.

HIST 1621 (3CR)
CANADIAN SOCIAL HISTORY: HOME, WORK, AND PLAY
Format: lecture/tutorial 3 hours
This course examines people's lives in Canada from 1840 to the present. It combines economic structures and social experiences to document the domestic space of the home and the workplace, as well as public sites of leisure and recreation, and the semi-public spaces of commerce and institutions.

HIST/CLAS 1631 (3CR)
GREECE AND ROME: THE FOUNDATIONS OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION
Format: lecture 3 hours
Note: This course is cross-listed as CLAS 1631 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.
The political and social history of ancient Greece and Rome will be surveyed with a focus on the themes of Law, Politics, War, and Society. Special attention will be paid to Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E. and to Rome under Caesar Augustus.

HIST 1641 (3CR)
TOWN LIFE IN THE MIDDLE AGES
Format: lecture 3 hours
This course treats the development of town life in Europe from the late tenth century through the fifteenth century. Themes will include: social and political experimentation and organization, expansion of commerce and production, religious observance and intellectual life, and female experience of town life.

HIST 1651 (3CR)
NATIVE AMERICAN HISTORY
Format: lecture 3 hours
Exclusion: Any version of HIST 1651 previously offered with a different title
This course will focus on the experience of Native Americans as they come to terms with living in the post-Colombian world. Emphasis will be given to Native American voices as preserved in primary materials.

HIST 1661 (3CR)
FRANCE IN THE AGE OF REVOLUTION
Format: lecture/tutorial 3 hours
Exclusion: HIST 3371
This course examines the social, cultural, economic, and political forces that combined to produce the French Revolution. An emphasis will be placed on primary sources in reconstructing revolutionary experience. Themes include: society in the ancien régime, the Enlightenment, revolutionary political experimentation, war, women and revolution, and the Terror.

HIST 1671 (3CR)
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON WOMEN AND GENDER IN MODERN EUROPE
Format: lecture/tutorial 3 hours
Exclusion: HIST 3361
This course surveys women's lives in modern Europe from the Enlightenment until the twentieth century creation of the European Union.

HIST 2001 (3CR)
WESTERN EUROPE FROM LATE ANTIQUITY TO THE MID-THIRTEEN CENTURY
Format: lecture 3 hours
Exclusion: Any version of HIST 2000
This course surveys the history of western civilization from c.300 to c.1250. By investigating the changing ways the peoples of western Eurasia organized their political, social, and economic relationships and pursued, and frequently contested, ideals of learning, sacredness, and beauty, it provides an introduction to the methods historians use to construe the past, giving particular attention to the close reading and interpretation of contemporary documents.

HIST 2011 (3CR)
WESTERN EUROPE FROM THE MID-THIRTEENTH TO THE MID-SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: HIST 2001; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of HIST 2000
This course continues HIST 2001, surveying with the same objectives the history of the peoples of western Eurasia during the late middle ages, Renaissance, and Reformation. As with HIST 2001 particular attention is paid to the close reading and interpretation of contemporary documents.

HIST/CLAS 2021 (3CR)
ALEXANDER THE GREAT AND THE HELLENISTIC WORLD
Format: lecture 3 hours
Note: This course is cross-listed as CLAS 2021 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.
Exclusion: HIST/CLAS 3011
An examination of the career of Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic era that followed his conquest of the eastern Mediterranean. Among the main themes included will be the goals of Alexander, the new political climate of kingship and patronage that he helped create, the interaction of the Greeks with the civilizations of Egypt and the East, and the integration of new cultural ideas into Greek society.

HIST 2031 (3CR)
THE HISTORY OF EARLY MODERN EUROPE, 1500-1800
Format: lecture 3 hours
Exclusion: HIST 2010, HIST 2500
This course surveys the history of Early Modern Europe between 1500 and 1800. It examines the social, cultural, economic, and political developments from the period of the Reformation to the Napoleonic era. Themes covered include religious conflict, rural life, capital accumulation, the Enlightenment, absolutism, imperial expansion, war, and revolution. There is an emphasis on the study of history through an introduction to the methods, theories, and concepts that historians use to represent and interpret the past.

HIST 2041 (3CR)
EUROPE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Format: lecture/tutorial 3 hours
Exclusion: HIST 2010, HIST 2500
Prereq: HIST 2031; or permission of the Department
This course provides a comprehensive survey of the 'long nineteenth century' from 1789 to 1914. Themes to be considered include revolution, war, intellectual and artistic developments, national unification, social conflict, and imperial rivalry and expansion. There is an emphasis on thinking about history through an examination of theoretical approaches and the interpretation of primary sources.

HIST/CLAS 2051 (3CR)
WOMEN IN ANTIQUITY
Format: lecture 3 hours
Note: This course is cross-listed as CLAS 2051 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.
Using written and material evidence, this course will explore the economic, social and political roles of women in the societies of ancient Greece and Rome, as well as the development of the Western idea of the female in antiquity. Secondarily, it will introduce and explore the social theories commonly applied to the study of gender in history.

HIST 2411 (3CR)
CANADA TO 1871
Format: lecture 3 hours
Exclusion: HIST 2400, 3100, 3250
This course introduces students to the political, socio-economic, and cultural history of Canada from the pre-European period to the first federal census.

HIST 2421 (3CR)
CANADA AFTER 1871
Format: lecture 3 hours
Exclusion: HIST 2410, 3100, 3250
Prereq: HIST 2411; or permission of the Department
This course examines the socio-economic, political, and cultural life of Canada from the time of the first federal census in 1871 to the present.

HIST 2511 (3CR)
THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE TO 1865
Format: lecture 3 hours
Exclusion: HIST 2510, 3650
This course introduces students to the main events, themes and issues of American history from the colonial period through the Civil War.

HIST 2521 (3CR)
THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AFTER 1865
Format: lecture 3 hours
Exclusion: HIST 2510, 3650
Prereq: HIST 2511; or permission of the Department
This course introduces students to the main events, themes and issues of American history from the Civil War to the present.

HIST 2700 (6CR)
MODERN ASIA PACIFIC HISTORY
Format: lecture 3 hours
This course will focus on the ways in which the countries of the Asia Pacific Region have interacted with each other through the 20th century, and how they have struggled to understand and adapt to a rapidly changing modern world.

HIST/CLAS 3001 (3CR)
DEMOCRACY AND IMPERIALISM IN CLASSICAL GREECE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics or History course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Note: This course is cross-listed as CLAS 3001 and may therefore count for three credits in either discipline.
An examination of archaic and classical Greek history and civilization from the emergence of the polis to the fall of the Athenian empire. Main themes include the development of political institutions, warfare, and gender relations. Emphasis is placed on historical methods and the interpretation of ancient evidence.

HIST/CLAS 3021 (3CR)
CONQUEST AND EXPANSION: THE RISE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics or History course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Note: This course is cross-listed as CLAS 3021 and may therefore count for three credits in either discipline.
An examination of the development of Rome from a small city-state into the leading power in the Mediterranean. Main themes include the conflict between Rome and Carthage, the conquest of the Hellenistic East, and the political and social changes in Roman society. There will be an emphasis on the analysis and interpretation of primary sources in translation.

HIST/CLAS 3031 (3CR)
THE ROMAN EMPIRE: CENTRE AND PERIPHERY
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics or History course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Note: This course is cross-listed as CLAS 3031 and may therefore count for three credits in either discipline.
An examination of the history of imperial Rome from the age of Augustus to that of Constantine. Main themes include the imperial form of government, the Roman army, urban development and its impact on society, and the conflicts between Romans and other cultures. There will be an emphasis on the analysis and interpretation of primary sources in translation.

HIST/CLAS 3051 (3CR)
HEALTH AND MEDICINE IN THE ANCIENT WORLD
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics, History, or Philosophy course; or permission of the Department
Note: This course is cross-listed as CLAS 3051 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.
Employing both material and literary evidence, this course surveys the conditions of life and common ailments and treatments of the inhabitants of the Greek and Roman world from ca. 1000 BC.E. to ca. 500 C.E.. It also examines the origins of Western medicine in Greek and Roman science, alongside its alternatives, such as magic.

HIST 3121 (3CR)
RENAISSANCE EUROPE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits from History at the 1/2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3110
Set against the political, social and economic history of Europe from the mid-thirteenth through the early sixteenth centuries, this course treats the remarkable cultural flowering that began in the wealthy, politically and socially volatile city-states of northern Italy before spreading to the courts, print-shops, monasteries, and schools of northern Europe.

HIST 3131 (3CR)
REFORMATION EUROPE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits from History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3131 (Reformation, Revolution and Absolutism)
This course surveys the history of Europe during the religious upheavals of the late fifteenth, sixteenth, and early seventeenth centuries, investigating the major Protestant, Catholic, and radical reform movements as they were shaped by the actions and ideas of their leading promoters and adherents, as well as by the ecclesiastical, economic, intellectual, political, and social circumstances of the era.

HIST 3141 (3CR)
EARLY MEDIÆVAL EUROPE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3050, HIST 3141 (Celtic and Germanic Europe to the Age of Charlemagne)
This course treats the history of Europe from the disintegration of Roman imperial authority in the fifth century to the collapse of the Carolingian empire in the course of the ninth and early tenth centuries. Particular attention will be devoted to the establishment of Germanic 'successor' kingdoms, the development of the papacy, missionary activities to Christianize pagan peoples, and the reigns of Charlemagne and his descendants.

HIST 3151 (3CR)
EUROPE IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3050, HIST 3151 (Europe in the Age of Chivalry)
This course treats the history of Europe from the tenth through the mid-fourteenth centuries. Themes will include: success and failure in the development of national monarchies, the growth of papal authority and prestige, new forms of religious expression and practice, university life and scholarship, and the calamities of the fourteenth century.

HIST 3161 (3CR)
THE CRUSADES
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course treats the European crusading movement from the eleventh through the fifteenth centuries, examining not only the familiar expeditions to Palestine but also the use of crusades to sanction conquest and colonization along medieval European frontiers in Spain and northeastern Europe and to combat religious and political challenges to papal authority.

HIST 3211 (3CR)
REVOLUTION AND STABILITY: POLITICS AND SOCIETY IN EARLY MODERN BRITAIN 1603 - 1820
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3400
This course explores the ideological and socio-economic roots of the seventeenth century constitutional struggles which established the sovereignty of Parliament in Stuart Britain and traces the re-establishment of social and political stability from the Glorious Revolution through the Hanoverian Period.

HIST 3221 (3CR)
MODERN BRITAIN
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course traces the development of those institutions, movements and ideas which are an integral part of the texture of modern Britain, and which have been shaping influences on the direction and pace of social, intellectual, economic and political growth.

HIST 3231 (3CR)
PAX BRITANNICA: BRITAIN'S GLOBAL HEGEMONY 1815-1918
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course examines Britain's rise to world power during the nineteenth century with special reference to foreign policy, naval supremacy, international economic influence and the acquisition of empire, together with its impact on both governors and governed.

HIST 3241 (3CR)
IMPERIAL SUNSET: BRITAIN'S RETREAT FROM WORLD POWER 1918 TO THE PRESENT
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course analyses Britain's decline as a world power, its replacement in that role by the United States, its relations with the emerging nation states of the Third World and its uneasy participation in the European Community. Topics to be examined include: interwar development policies for Africa, Indian nationalism, World War II and the decolonization of Asia and Africa, the 'special relationship' with the USA, the evolution of the European Community and continued underdevelopment in the Third World.

HIST 3251 (3CR)
CLASS AND CAPITALISM: THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE BRITISH SOCIAL STRUCTURE 1750-1850
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3400
This course traces the decline of the aristocracy, the triumph of the middle classes and the making of the working class in Britain during the early stages of capitalism and industrialization. Particular attention is paid to the controversies among historians surrounding the nature of social transformation in Britain.

HIST 3301 (3CR)
EUROPE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, 1900-1945
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3390
This course examines the major political, social, cultural and economic developments in Europe from the beginning of the century to the end of World War II.

HIST 3311 (3CR)
EUROPE SINCE 1945
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3390
This course examines the major political, social, cultural and economic developments in Europe from the post-war era of reconstruction to the present.

HIST 3321 (3CR)
WAR AND SOCIETY IN EUROPE FROM THE LATE MIDDLE AGES TO NAPOLEON (1400-1815)
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3600, 3380
This course examines the interrelationship between war and society from the late medieval period until the Congress of Vienna, which ended the Napoleonic Wars. The topics of discussion include: the gunpowder revolution, the rise of states, power and the pursuit of wealth, revolution and war, the social effects of warfare, transformations in strategy and tactics, and the changing justifications for war.

HIST 3331 (3CR)
WAR AND SOCIETY IN EUROPE FROM NAPOLEON TO NUREMBERG (1815-1945)
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: HIST 3321; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3600, 3380
This course examines the interrelationship between war and society from the Congress of Vienna, which ended the Napoleonic Wars, to the conclusion of the Second World War. Topics to be discussed include: technology and war; the military implications of industrial competition; nationalism, state-building, and warfare; the First World War; and the Second World War and its immediate aftermath. In addition to the social effects of war, the course also examines peacemaking and changing ethical views towards warfare.

HIST 3361 (3CR)
CULTURE AND SOCIETY IN MODERN EUROPE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3360
This course examines major themes and issues in Continental European social and cultural history from the seventeenth century to the present. Selection, emphases and time frame may vary from year to year but may include such topics as: identity formation; class and gender; community and nation; family, work and leisure; myth and memory; popular and high culture; the emergence of mass consumer society.

HIST 3381 (3CR)
FASCISM IN EUROPE 1870-1945
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course undertakes a comparative analysis of the origins, theory and nature of fascism in France, Italy and Germany from about 1870 to 1945.

HIST 3401 (3CR)
THE ATLANTIC REGION
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3420, 3451, any version of HIST 3401 previously offered with a different title
This course surveys the political, socio-economic, cultural, and environmental history of Canada's Atlantic region from the eighteenth century to the 1990s.

HIST 3411 (3CR)
NEW FRANCE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of HIST 3411 previously offered with a different title.
This course examines the expansion of the French empire in North America with particular emphasis on Aboriginal peoples prior to and following European contact and the socio-economic and cultural life of the French colonies.

HIST 3421 (3CR)
CANADA FROM CONQUEST TO CONFEDERATION
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3100
This course examines the socio-economic, intellectual and political-constitutional development of Lower Canada, Upper Canada and the Canadian West from 1760 to the achievement of Confederation in 1867.

HIST 3431 (3CR)
QUEBEC FROM CONFEDERATION TO THE SOVEREIGNTY MOVEMENT
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: any version of HIST 3431 previously offered with a different title
This course examines the political, religious, economic and cultural development of Quebec since Confederation with particular emphasis on the growth of nationalism and the emergence of the sovereignty movement.

HIST 3441 (3CR)
MODERN CANADA
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course traces the development of those institutions, movements and ideas which are an integral part of the texture of modern Canada and which have been shaping influences on the direction and pace of social, intellectual, economic and political growth.

HIST 3471 (3CR)
CANADIAN WOMEN IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department.
Drawing upon both historical and theoretical perspectives, this course examines the diverse experiences, conditions and roles of women in Canada from Pre-confederation to present.

HIST/RELG 3481 (3CR)
RELIGION IN CANADA
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department.
Note: This course is cross-listed as RELG 3481 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.
This course surveys the history of religion in Canada from the pre-European period to the 1980s. It focuses on religious traditions which developed or were established early in Canadian history - aboriginal, Christian, and Jewish - but others are also included. The content includes both traditional topics such as influential individuals, writings, and institutions in relation to the state and public life, as well as themes from the newer socio-cultural history of religion.

HIST 3511 (3CR)
COLONIAL AMERICA
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3550
This course examines the history of British North America from the early Contact period to the end of the American Revolution and the Loyalist migrations. It focuses on the mainland colonies, but with attention to the wider context of the Atlantic world.

HIST 3521 (3CR)
THE AMERICAN SOCIAL AND CULTURAL EXPERIENCE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3520
This course explores American social and cultural development. Themes may include immigration, slavery, race relations, abolitionism, the roots of modern American feminism, assimilation and the emergence of a common American culture.

HIST 3531 (3CR)
AMERICAN WOMEN'S HISTORY
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course will explore theoretical approaches to women's history through an examination of the role and experience of women in the United States from the Revolution to the present.

HIST 3561 (3CR)
UNITED STATES FOREIGN RELATIONS
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST/POLS 3560
This course surveys American diplomacy and foreign relations from colonial times through the twentieth century. Throughout, attention is paid to American domestic policies and the role of public opinion in determining foreign policy.

HIST/RELG 3611 (3CR)
CHRISTIANITY IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: RELG 2801 or 2821 or 3601 or third or fourth year History Major; or permission of the Department
Note: This course is cross-listed as RELG 3611 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.
Exclusion: HIST/RELG 3601
This course examines the crucial, defining crises of the ancient Christian communities in the social, political, and cultural context of Late Antiquity (roughly, 2nd to 6th centuries CE/AD) and the Roman Empire. Early Christianity is analyzed as a social movement, as a religious movement with a developing belief system, and as an historical phenomenon embedded within historical events and processes.

HIST/RELG 3621 (3CR)
CHRISTIANITY IN CHRISTENDOM
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: RELG 3601 or 3611 or third or fourth year History Major; or permission of the Department
Note: This course is cross-listed as RELG 3621 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.
Exclusion: HIST/RELG 3620
A consideration of Christianity at the height of its political power in the middle ages.

HIST/RELG 3631 (3CR)
CHRISTIANITY IN THE REFORMATION ERA
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: RELG 3601 or 3611 or 3621 or third or fourth year History Major; or permission of the Department
Note: This course is cross-listed as RELG 3631 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.
A consideration of the reasons for and impact of the divisions in Christianity instituted by the Protestant Reformation.

HIST/RELG 3641 (3CR)
CHRISTIANITY AND MODERN STATES
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: RELG 3601 or 3611 or 3621 or third or fourth year History Major; or permission of the Department
Note: This course is cross-listed as RELG 3641 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.
Exclusion: HIST/RELG 3641 (The Modern Church)
A consideration of how secularization has occurred in various modern states and of the sphere of influence that remains for religion in these circumstances.

HIST 3710 (6CR)
CHINA SINCE 1949
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department or as for RELG 3641
This course will deal with the contemporary history of China, focusing on six topics: the role of ideology; foreign policy goals and practicalities; intellectuals and student activists; religion, the rural-urban continum; and economic changes since 1949.

HIST/POLS 3731 (3CR)
JAPAN IN THE MODERN WORLD
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Note: This course is cross-listed as POLS 3731 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.
Exclusion: HIST/POLS 3321
This course will examine Japan's relations with the international community in the years following renewed contact with the West in the 1860's. Particular emphasis will be placed on the expanding intellectual, diplomatic and economic interchange and the impact of that interchange on the shaping of modern Japan.

HIST 3741 (3CR)
CLASSICAL AND EARLY MODERN CHINA
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 2711
This course examines the major social, cultural, economic and intellectual trends of dynastic China from Tang to early Qing (700-1800). Attention will also be given to the "Middle Kingdom" world view and China's position in global trade and diplomatic networks prior to European expansion.

HIST 3751 (3CR)
CHINA IN THE MODERN WORLD
Format: lecture 3 hours
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 2721
This course traces the contested process of nation building in China from the mid-18th century to the present day. Particular attention will be given to the manner in which the Chinese people have interacted with Euro-American and Japanese foreigners and the role these relations played in driving the revolutionary struggles to transform China in the last 150 years.

HIST 4001 (3CR)
HISTORY THROUGH FILM
Format: seminar 3 hours
Prereq: Permission of the instructor (normally third-year standing, and at least 12 credits in History at the 2/3000 level are required)
This course is a thematic study of topics in modern history through the medium of film, both feature and documentary. These films will be critically read both as an art form and as historical documents. While specific course content will vary according to the instructor, particular emphasis will be placed on what films tell us about the particular historical context in which they are created.

HIST 4110 (6CR)
ADVANCED TOPICS IN MEDIAEVAL HISTORY
Format: seminar 3 hours
Prereq: Third-year standing, three credits from either HIST 3141 or 3151, and at least three credits from HIST 3121, 3131, 3161, 3621, 3631; or permission of the Department
This course is a seminar in Mediaeval History

HIST 4221 (3CR)
ADVANCED TOPICS IN RENAISSANCE HISTORY
Format: seminar 3 hours
Prereq: Third-year standing, HIST 3121, and at least six credits from HIST 3131, 3141, 3151, 3161, 3621, 3631; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 4220
This course is a seminar in Renaissance history.

HIST 4231 (3CR)
ADVANCED TOPICS IN REFORMATION HISTORY
Format: seminar 3 hours
Prereq: Third-year standing, HIST 3131, and at least six credits from HIST 3121, 3141, 3151, 3161, 3621, 3631; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 4220
This course is a seminar in Reformation history.

HIST 4250 (6CR)
BRITAIN AND EUROPE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Format: seminar 3 hours
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 3211, 3221, 3231, 3241, 3251, POLS 3400; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 4600
Seminar in twentieth century British and European history.

HIST 4260 (6CR)
THE LIBERAL IDEA IN WESTERN HISTORY
Format: seminar 3 hours
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 3110, 3210, 3211, 3221, 3251, 3361, 3371, 3381, POLS 3001, 3011; or permission of the Department
This senior seminar analyses the development of Western liberalism, the controversies it has created and the changes it has undergone during several historical periods.

HIST 4300 (6CR)
THE BIRTH OF THE MODERN AGE
Format: seminar 3 hours
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 3301, 3311, 3361, 3371, 3381; or permission of the Department
This senior seminar explores some of the profound social, cultural, political and economic changes that transformed European life during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Topics will vary from year to year.

HIST 4401 (3CR)
CANADA AND THE PACIFIC RIM
Format: seminar 3 hours
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 3441, 3461, 3710, 3731, 3741, 3751, GENV 3321; or permission of the Department
This senior seminar explores the relationship between Canada and the countries and peoples of the Pacific Rim.

HIST 4420 (6CR)
THE ATLANTIC PROVINCES
Format: seminar 3 hours
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 2411, 2421, 3401, 3411, 3431, 3441, 3511; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 4100
This seminar considers key topics or themes in the history of Atlantic Canada from the pre-Contact period to the late twentieth century. Students also explore the concepts, methods, and sources used in this history, and how these and changing philosophies or theories of history have influenced the way scholars and others have researched and written about the past.

HIST 4440 (6CR)
ADVANCED TOPICS IN MODERN CANADA
Format: seminar 3 hours
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 2411, 2421, 3441, CANA 3301, 3400; or permission of the Department
This course is a seminar in nineteenth and twentieth-century Canada, focussing on a particular topic or theme.

HIST 4450 (6CR)
CANADIAN COURTS AND THE CONSTITUTION
Format: seminar 3 hours
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 3401, 3431, 3441, 3451 POLS 2101, 3111; or permission of the Department
This senior seminar examines the Canadian courts and the private and public factors that are taken into consideration in the determination of constitutional change and legal rights and responsibilities.

HIST 4461 (3CR)
ADVANCED SEMINAR ON MODERN CANADIAN WOMEN'S HISTORY
Format: seminar 3 hours
Prereq: Third-year standing with at least six credits from any History or Canadian Studies 3000 level courses; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 4951 Canadian Women's History
This course focuses on Canadian women's activism in social and political movements - from suffrage in the late nineteenth century until the second-wave of feminist protest in the 1960's.

HIST 4500 (6CR)
ADVANCED SEMINAR IN SELECTED TOPICS IN MODERN AMERICAN HISTORY
Format: seminar 3 hours
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 2510, 3511, 3521; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 4800
A seminar in selected topics in modern American history.

HIST 4510 (6CR)
THE AMERICAN WEST
Format: seminar 3 hours
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 2510, 3501, 3511, 3521, 3531 and 3561
This course examines the history of the American West during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It juxtaposes the real West to the mythic West and emphasizes the importance of each in American society and culture.

HIST 4571 (3CR)
HISTORY OF THE MODERN AMERICAN WOMEN'S MOVEMENT
Format: seminar 3 hours
Prereq: Third-year standing and three credits from HIST 3531; or permission of the Department
This course will focus on the history of the modern American women's movement, beginning with a brief examination of the history of feminism in the pre-World War II United States and continuing through to an examination of responses and backlashes to the women's movement. Emphasis will be given to the revolutionary character of that movement and the experience of American women as influenced by the movement.

HIST 4700 (6CR)
ADVANCED SEMINAR IN ASIA PACIFIC HISTORY
Format: seminar 3 hours
Prereq: Third-year standing and six credits from HIST 3710, 3731, 3741, 3751; or permission of the Department
This course examines the development of Chinese and Japanese societies from the 19th through the 20th centuries. It will focus on the emergent national and individual consciousness in the two countries, and the rapidly changing political context in which they were constructed.

HIST 4950/4951 (6/3CR)
SPECIAL TOPICS - DIRECTED STUDY
Format: independent study
Prereq: Permission of instructor and Department required

HIST 4990 (6CR)
HONOURS THESIS
Format: independent study/thesis
Independent research and study under direction of a member of the department; for students in History Honours program.