4131 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING II
An introduction to business combinations, consolidated financial statements, joint ventures, and accounting for transactions and operations conducted in foreign currencies.
Prereq: Commerce 3141; or permission of the Department.
Note: Not available for credit to those who have successfully completed Commerce 4131.

4151 INTRODUCTION TO AUDITING
This course introduces the role of auditing in society and the ethics and standards of professional conduct expected of auditors. It develops a conceptual understanding of key decisions made by auditors when examining and reporting on financial statements. It develops an appreciation of the complex environment in comprehensive or value-for-money audit on corporations and public institutions.
Prereq: Commerce 3121; or permission of the Department.

4201 MARKETING STRATEGY
The course provides an in-depth treatment of how marketing strategy is formulated and implemented. This capstone course in the marketing major integrates knowledge obtained from other marketing courses, and selected courses such as finance, policy, and management. The focus is on strategic decisions-decisions which have a long-term impact on the organization and which are difficult and costly to reverse. The strategic decision making process is supported by an external analysis (an analysis of the organization's environment) and an internal (firm) analysis.
Prereq: Fourth year standing in Commerce Program, plus six credits in the 3200/4200 series; or permission of the Department.

4211 SERVICES AND NON-PROFIT MARKETING
This course provides an integrated perspective on how to improve customer satisfaction in a society which has become increasingly demanding of service providers. It emphasizes managing information flow, demand fluctuations, employees, and elements of marketing strategy.
Prereq: Commerce 3211; or permission of the Department.

4221 MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS
This course provides a broad exposure to the concept of marketing communications and its key elements: advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations and other forms of communications. Actual business practices are used to reinforce theory. Emphasis is placed on understanding the marketing communications process and its place in an organization's planning process.
Prereq: Commerce 3211; or permission of the Department.

4231 ADVERTISING
This course considers advertising principles and methods, the psychological impact of advertising on consumers and the role of advertising as an element of marketing strategy. Canadian advertising institutions, government legislation, and industry regulations are considered in relation to social and economic concepts.
Prereq: Commerce 3211; or permission of the Department.

4241 CURRENT CHALLENGES IN MARKETING
This course addresses emerging issues in marketing decision-making. Topics may include recent research related to buyer behaviour, multidimensional scaling for positioning strategies, marketing mistakes and controversies, advertising research issues, pricing policy issues, distribution problems, product development issues, and social marketing approaches.
Prereq: Fourth year standing in Commerce Program, plus six credits in the 3200/4200 series; or permission of the Department.

4311 BUSINESS POLICY I
This course integrates the concepts and techniques developed in prior Commerce courses. It introduces the student to strategic management and the perspective of the senior manager of Either a business or a non-profit organization. It examines the process of strategy formulation and implementation including the following topics: strategic planning, competitive advantage, business government relations, and generic strategies.
Prereq: Commerce 2201, 2301, and 3501; or permission of the Department. This course is open only to Commerce students in their last year of studies for a Commerce degree or B.A. degree with a Major Area of Study in Commerce.

4321 BUSINESS POLICY II
Topics include the role of personal values in strategy, the organization's history as a strategic constraint, the relationships between organizational structure and strategy, strategic control, and managing strategic change.
Prereq: Commerce 4311; or permission of the Department.

4331 MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE
A study of organizational change from two perspectives: planned change and evolutionary change. In discussing planned change the focus is on the planning and implementation process for introducing innovation, restructuring, continual learning, and other types of organizational change. Topics include overcoming resistance to change and embedding the desired change. In discussing evolutionary change the focus is on the organizations over extended periods of time in response to management initiatives, competitive pressures and changes in other organizational variables.
Prereq: Commerce 3331; or permission of the Department.

4441 MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY
An examination of theories of technological innovation and technology diffusion in the industrial sector as background for a study of the strategic possibilities open to the firm's senior management for shaping its product and process technology. Topics include: invention and the commercialization of invention, organization of the R&D function, protection of new technology, importation and adoption of technology new to the firm, incremental innovation, shopfloor innovation and tinkering, and monitoring the technological environment.
Prereq: Commerce 3421; or permission of the Department.

4501 INVESTMENTS AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT
Topics include theories of security valuation, portfolio selection, stock markets and economic efficiency, and capital market equilibrium. The behaviour of prices of stocks, bonds, and money market instruments will be investigated. Derivative securities will be introduced. Problems of evaluating the investment performance of individuals and investment management institutions will be discussed.
Prereq: Commerce 3501; or permission of the Department.
Note: Counts as an Economics elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Bachelor of Arts with Major, Minor or Honours in Economics.

4511 CAPITAL MARKETS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
An examination of the functions of financial intermediaries operating in our capital markets. Topics are selected from financial intermediation theory, capital markets, security and financial market regulations, risk and return in financial markets, and ethical considerations.
Prereq: Commerce 3501; or permission of the Department.
Note: Counts as an Economics elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Bachelor of Arts with Major, Minor or Honours in Economics.

4521 CORPORATE FINANCE
Financial concepts and techniques applied to problems such as working capital management, financial planning, capital budgeting, capital structure, cost of capital, and mergers and acquisitions.
Prereq: Commerce 3501; or permission of the Department.
Note: Counts as an Economics elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Bachelor of Arts with Major, Minor or Honours in Economics.

4800/4801 SPECIAL TOPICS IN BUSINESS
This course is devoted to business topics not covered by the other courses offered. The course content, format and prerequisites will vary depending on the particular area of business to be covered.
Prereq: Permission of the Department.

4950/4951 INDEPENDENT STUDY
This course is offered to students who wish to study in depth a subject introduced in a previous course or a business area which is not currently covered by our present course offerings. It usually involves independent study in a programme planned by the student and approved by the Department; however, it is possible that some projects may involve several participants working together in groups.
Prereq: Permission of the Department.

4990 HONOURS THESIS
This course requires a major paper on a business topic and is carried out in close consultation with a thesis director.
Prereq: Permission of the Department.

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