3221 MODERN EPISTEMOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS I
An investigation of the leading seventeenth century continental thinkers who formulated the great a priori systems. The capacity and function of human reason fully to understand the world is a theme common to these thinkers, and constitutes one of the major concerns of the course, a concern balanced by investigation of why these systems have reached such diverse answers to the substantive issues of how the world is to be understood.
Prereq: Six credits in Philosophy; or permission of the Department.

3231 MODERN EPISTEMOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS II
An investigation of the thought of the English language thinkers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. These authors, among whom are to be counted Locke, Berkeley and Hume, in part may be understood as reacting to the a priori tradition examined by Philosophy 3111. But they also make claims that are not merely reactive, and the extent to which one or more of them proposes a coherent interpretation of the extent and the limitations of human understanding will be investigated.
Prereq: Six credits in Philosophy; or permission of the Department.

3331 MODERN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY I
An investigation of the foundations and implications of modern political liberalism with a special concentration on the concepts of the state of nature and social contract. Authors considered will include: Machiavelli, Hobbes, Spinoza, Locke and Rousseau. The course will be of particular interest to students in Philosophy, Political Studies, or History.
Prereq: Six credits in Philosophy; or permission of the Department.

3341 MODERN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY II
The course is a development of the material investigated during the first term. In the thought of Kant, Hegel and Marx the understanding of the social contract is first intensified and then negated altogether. The challenges and the opportunities that these conceptions of society and of man's place in society involve will be investigated.
Prereq: Six credits in Philosophy; or permission of the Department.

3421 NINETEENTH CENTURY AMERICAN PHILOSOPHY
A study of the principles of the American spirit as early formulated in the works of such authors as Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin and Walt Whitman, H.D. Thoreau and R.W. Emerson. Central to the American spirit is the concern for individuality and practicality.
Prereq: Six credits in Philosophy; or permission of the Department.

3451 TWENTIETH CENTURY AMERICAN PHILOSOPHY
A study of selected American thinkers from Henry Adams to the present, including William James and John Dewey.
Prereq: Six credits in Philosophy; or permission of the Department.

3500 THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
An examination of how the principal objectives of scientific inquiry are achieved, including how scientific knowledge is arrived at, how it is supported, and how it changes. In the course of this examination more general problems will be discussed concerning the presuppositions and the limits of scientific understanding.
Prereq: Normally, six credits in Philosophy are expected. However, B.Sc. students will be admitted if they have done 3/4000 level work in their own field.

3631 SYMBOLIC LOGIC I
This is a basic course in Symbolic Logic, concentrating on the nature of logic, methods of deduction, quantification theory, and the logic of relational statements.
Prereq: Six credits in Philosophy; or permission of the Department.

3641 SYMBOLIC LOGIC II
Building upon the work of Philosophy 3631, this course considers axiomatic systems (mainly Russell's), metalogical induction (regarding consistency, completeness, independence, and the like), axiomatic set formation (mainly Zermelo's), and theory of logic.
Prereq: Six credits in Philosophy including Philosophy 3631; or permission of the Department.

3711 BIOMEDICAL ETHICS
This course will consist of the examination of a number of contemporary issues, including such problems as human conduct and scientific technology, problems of biomedical ethics and the source of individual moral agency.
Prereq: Six credits in Philosophy; or permission of the Department.

3721 ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS
After reviewing traditional attitudes toward the environment, this course will explore recent attempts to "apply" ethical analysis to such problems as pollution and conservation. We will pay particular attention to the ways in which problems of preservation challenge us to extend our traditional norms and values. To what extent, for example, does growing sensitivity to our natural environment require of us a new "environmental ethic" and oblige us to recognize "animal rights"?
Prereq: Six credits in Philosophy; or permission of the Department.

3891 ORIENTAL THOUGHT
A study of the ancient trends of Oriental literature in the light of western philosophical concerns. Readings include the Hindu Bhagavadgita, the Chinese Tao Te Ching, and selected Buddhist writings.
Prereq: Six credits in Philosophy; or permission of the Department.
Note: This course is cross-listed as Religious Studies 3891 and may therefore count as a three credits in either discipline.

Next: Philosophy 4000 Series