Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behaviour. It is a biological, a social, and a cognitive science. As a biological science, it studies the physiological mechanisms and evolutionary origins of mental and behavioural phenomena. As a social science, it studies personality and interpersonal relations and their bases in social interaction, cognition and emotion. As a cognitive science, it studies such processes as sensation and perception, abstract thinking, reasoning, language, and memory. Developmental psychology combines all three aspects in taking for its subject matter the total life span. The objectives of psychological study are to understand human nature, for its own sake, and to provide an increasingly reliable basis for the application of psychological principles to education, social policy, and medical treatment.

Psychologists use a variety of methods appropriate to the questions they study. Experimentation, laboratory techniques, observational procedures, measurement, and statistical methods are among the important tools of the psychologist. Whatever their methods, psychologists share in their research a commitment to careful and systematic observation aimed at the formulation of general principles.

In recent years psychology has become increasingly interdisciplinary. Psychologists work with biologists, geneticists, medical researchers, physiologists, and biochemists on those questions of a biological nature. They work with sociologists, criminologists, anthropologists, and economists, among others, on questions relating to social behaviour. Finally, they work with mathematicians, computer scientists, philosophers, linguists, and others on questions involving the nature and origins of knowledge.

Disciplinary B.A. and B.Sc. Programs

B.A. & B.Sc. MINOR in Psychology is 24 credits earned as follows:

6	from PSYC 1001, 1011
6	from PSYC 2101, 2201, 2301
12	from Psychology, including 6 from the 3/4000 level, chosen in consultation with the Program Advisor

B.A. MAJOR in Psychology is 60 credits, including 42 credits from Psychology earned as follows:

6	from PSYC 1001, 1011
6	from PSYC 2001, 2011
6	from PSYC 2101, 2201, 2301
12	from Psychology at the 3/4000 level, with a maximum of 3 credits from PSYC 4950/51
3	from Psychology at the 4000 level, excluding PSYC 4950/51
9	from Psychology
	Plus, 18 credits from complementary courses in, for example, Biology, English, History, Mathematics & Computer Science, Philosophy, Sociology, Anthropology, Canadian Studies, or Modern Languages, chosen in consultation with the Program Advisor

Note: Courses with significant psychology content (for example, PHYS 3521, PHYS 3581, PHIL 4511) offered by other departments may be approved as psychology credits (to a maximum of 3 credits) with permission of the Psychology Department.

Note: A maximum of 9 credits from PSYC 4950/4951 can be taken during the degree, without permission of the Department Head.

Note: A maximum of 6 credits from PSYC 4950 and/or 4951 can be used to meet the 42 credit requirement for a Major in Psychology.

B.Sc. MAJOR in Psychology is 60 credits, including 42 from Psychology earned as follows:

6	from PSYC 1001, 1011
6	from PSYC 2001, 2011
6	from PSYC 2101, 2201, 2301
12	from Psychology at the 3/4000 level, with a maximum of 3 credits from PSYC 4950/51
3	from Psychology at the 4000 level, excluding PSYC 4950/51
9	from Psychology

Plus, 18 credits from Science:

3	from PHYS 1051
3	from PHYS 1551, 3521
6	from CHEM 1001, 1021
6	three from MATH 1111, and three other credits from Mathematics or Computer Science selected from MATH 1121, 1131, 1251, 2211, 2221, 2311, or COMP 1631

Note: A maximum of 9 credits from PSYC 4950/4951 can be taken during the degree, without permission of the Department Head.

Note: A maximum of 6 credits from PSYC 4950 and/or 4951 can be used to meet the 42 credit requirement for a Major in Psychology.

B.A. and B.Sc. HONOURS in Psychology is 78 credits earned as follows:

60	credits as in either the B.A. or B.Sc. Major, plus:
18	from Psychology which must include 3001, 3901, 4903, 4990, chosen in consultation with the Program Advisor

PSYCHOLOGY COURSES

Note: The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note: Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department Head or Program Co-ordinator must be obtained.

PSYC 1001 (3.00)
Introduction to Psychology I
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours. A general introduction to the concepts, problems, and methods of modern scientific psychology. Topics surveyed include neuroanatomy and other aspects of the biological bases of psychological processes, learning, motivation, sensation, perception, aspects of cognition, memory, and language. NOTE(S): Students who, prior to September 2000, have successfully completed either PSYC 1001 (Psychological Adaptation) or 1101(Psychological Processes) may obtain credit for either PSYC 1001 (Introduction to Psychology I) or PSYC 1011(Introduction to Psychology II).

PSYC 1011 (3.00)
Introduction to Psychology II
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours. A general introduction to the concepts, problems, and methods of modern scientific psychology. Topics surveyed include attitudes, stereotyping and other aspects of social psychology, developmental psychology, intelligence, aspects of cognition and language, personality, and the psychology of abnormal behaviour. PSYC 1001 and 1011 may be taken in either order. Neither is a prerequisite to the other. NOTE(S): Students who, prior to September 2000, have successfully completed either PSYC 1001 (Psychological Adaptation) or 1101(Psychological Processes) may obtain credit for either PSYC 1001 (Introduction to Psychology I) or PSYC 1011(Introduction to Psychology II).

PSYC 1991 (3.00)
Special Topics
FORMAT: Variable. This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. NOTE(S): When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. NOTE(S): Students may register for PSYC 1991/2991/3991/4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.

PSYC 2001 (3.00)
Research Design and Analysis I
Prereq: SECOND YEAR STANDING,PSYC 1001,PSYC 1011
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour. This course considers a range of research strategies, including descriptive, correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental research designs. Other topics include the research process, ethics in research, defining and measuring variables, sampling, and writing a research report. The use of descriptive statistics to evaluate the results of carefully planned research is also described. NOTE(S): Students may count for credit toward a degree a maximum of six credits from BIOL 2701, GENS 2431, MATH 2311, and PSYC 2001.

PSYC 2011 (3.00)
Research Design and Analysis II
Prereq: SECOND YEAR STANDING,PSYC 1001,PSYC 1011, PSYC-2001
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour. This course covers the research process from the development of simple and complex research designs to statistical analyses of the data collected. Topics covered include analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and nonparametric approaches. It also introduces a statistical software package.

PSYC 2101 (3.00)
Biopsychology
Prereq: SECOND YEAR STANDING, PSYC 1001,PSYC 1011
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour. In this lecture and laboratory course, students will be provided with a basic foundation in the neural bases of behavior. Topics will include the role of evolution and genetics in the development of the nervous system, the structure and function of the nervous system, and the biological bases of perception, movement, eating, drinking, sleeping and dreaming, sexual behaviour, addiction and reward, and memory.

PSYC 2121 (3.00)
Behaviour Modification
Prereq: SECOND YEAR STANDING,PSYC 1001,PSYC 1011
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours. Basic concepts and theories involved in the psychology of learning, the analysis of behaviour and behavioural assessment will be discussed in the context of real life problems. Applications of behaviour modification and behaviour therapy will be discussed in terms of problems associated with parenting, development of social skills, education, disabilities, health and other issues.

PSYC 2201 (3.00)
Cognitive Processes
Prereq: SECOND YEAR STANDING,PSYC 1001, PSYC 1011
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour. This lecture and laboratory course provides an overview of mental processes and activities used in perceiving, learning, remembering, thinking, and understanding. This course will offer students an opportunity to explore current information processing models and their applications. Some of the topics surveyed include attention, memory, language, neurocognition and thinking and reasoning.

PSYC 2301 (3.00)
Social Psychology
Prereq: SECOND YEAR STANDING,PSYC 1001,PSYC 1011
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour. A lecture and laboratory course introducing students to the field of social psychology. Topics covered will include social cognition, attitudes, prejudice and discrimination, interpersonal attraction, social influence, helping and aggression, and group processes.

PSYC 2431 (3.00)
Child & Adolescent Development
Prereq: SECOND YEAR STANDING, PSYC 1001, PSYC 1011
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours. This course is an overview of social, cognitive, and biological development during infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Some of the topics covered include the development of perception, memory, emotions, and family relationships, puberty, identity, peer groups, and adolescent sexuality.

PSYC 2601 (3.00)
Psychology of Abnormal Behaviour
Prereq: SECOND YEAR STANDING,PSYC 1001,PSYC 1011
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours. This course will present an overview of psychological disorders: their biological and social origins, classification, symptoms and common treatments.

PSYC 2611 (3.00)
Health Psychology
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours. This course will provide an introduction to the psychology of health, including the ways in which thoughts, emotions, and behavior influence one's health. This course will cover both current research and theory in health psychology.

PSYC 2701 (3.00)
Personality
Prereq: SECOND YEAR STANDING,PSYC 1001,PSYC 1011
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours. This course will provide an introduction to personality as an enduring, organized pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving. The course will examine key theorists and broader perspectives on personality, as well as the measurement of personality from those perspectives. Examples of perspectives may include dispositional, biological, psychoanalytic, learning, and phenomenological.

PSYC 2991 (3.00)
Special Topics
FORMAT: Variable. This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. NOTE(S): When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. NOTE(S): Students may register for PSYC 1991/2991/3991/4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.

PSYC 3001 (3.00)
Advanced Design and Analysis
Prereq: THIRD YEAR STANDING,PSYC 1001,PSYC 2001,PSYC 2011,PSYC 1011
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours. This lecture and laboratory course provides the student with advanced analytic and design tools necessary to interpret the research of others and to conduct original research. Lectures will be supplemented by labs in which students will have an opportunity to practice their skills in answering questions of practical and theoretical interest.

PSYC 3021 (3.00)
Psychological Measurement and Individual Differences
Prereq: PSYC 1001 AND PSYC 1011 AND AT LEAST 2 COURSES IN PSYCHOLOGY AT THE 2000 LEVEL PLUS AT LEAST THIRD-YEAR STANDING
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours. This course examines the history and principles of psychological testing. It is concerned with the logic of test construction and the problems associated with attempts to quantify and assess human abilities and characteristics.

PSYC 3101 (3.00)
Human Neuropsychology
Prereq: Take PSYC 2101, 1 other 2000 level PSYC course, and third year standing
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour. This course examines the structure and functions of the cerebral cortex. Topics include cerebral asymmetry in function, the anatomy and functions of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, and the neural substrates of higher functions such as memory, language, emotion, spatial behaviour, and attention. NOTE(S): PSYC 2001 and 2011 strongly recommended as additional prerequisites.

PSYC 3111 (3.00)
Conditioning
Prereq: THIRD YEAR STANDING,PSYC 1001,PSYC 1011,AND AT LEAST 6 CREDITS FROM PSYC AT 2000 LEVEL
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours. This lecture and laboratory course examines the role of associative processes in both human and non-human learning. Topics will include habituation, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. NOTE(S): PSYC 2001 and 2011 strongly recommended as additional prerequisites.

PSYC 3151 (3.00)
Drugs & Behaviour
Prereq: THIRD YEAR STANDING,PSYC 1001,PSYC 1011,AND AT LEAST 6 CREDITS FROM PSYC AT 2000 LEVEL
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours. This course explores principles of pharmacology, neural transmission, behavioural assessment of drug effects, theories of addiction, tolerance, and dependence as a conceptual introduction to behavioural pharmacology. It discusses specific psychopharmacologic issues pertaining to alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, opiates, psychomotor stimulants, caffeine, tobacco, hallucinogens, and antipsychotic drugs.

PSYC 3201 (3.00)
Memory
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1.5 Hours. This lecture and laboratory course examines contemporary research and theories of human memory. Topics covered will include short-term and long-term memory, forgetting, implicit memory, amnesia, memory and aging, reconstructive processes, mnemonics and imagery.

PSYC 3211 (3.00)
Sensation & Perception
Prereq: THIRD YEAR STANDING,PSYC 1001, PSYC 1011,AND AT LEAST 6 CREDITS FROM PSYC AT 2000 LEVEL
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour. This course will examine how physical energy is translated into sensory information and processed into our perceptions of the world around us. Topics covered will include the psychophysics and neural coding of each of our senses as well as the higher order processes of attention and cognition. In addition to lectures, students are required to participate in scheduled laboratory sessions.

PSYC 3221 (3.00)
Psycholinguistics
Prereq: THIRD YEAR STANDING,PSYC 1001,PSYC 1011,AND AT LEAST 6 CREDITS FROM PSYC AT 2000 LEVEL
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour. This lecture and laboratory course will describe our present state of knowledge concerning the mechanisms underlying the production, comprehension, and use of language.

PSYC 3301 (3.00)
Interpersonal Relations
Prereq: THIRD YEAR STANDING,PSYC 1001,PSYC 1011, AND AT LEAST 6 CREDITS IN PSYC AT 2000 LEVEL
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours. This course examines aspects of interpersonal attraction and interpersonal relationships. Topics covered include attachment and affiliation, interpersonal attraction, developing and maintaining close relationships, friendship and love, relationship problems, as well as relationship termination.

PSYC 3401 (3.00)
Language Development in Children
Prereq: THIRD YEAR STANDING,PSYC 1001,PSYC 1011, AND AT LEAST 6 CREDITS IN PSYC AT 2000 LEVEL
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours. This lecture and laboratory course will examine the development of language. The precursors of language in the neonate; phonological, semantic, syntactic and pragmatic development will be covered as well as theories of language acquisition.

PSYC 3411 (3.00)
Cognitive Development
Prereq: Take PSYC 2401 or 2431 At least third-year standing
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours. This course examines theories and research methods of developmental psychology, with a focus on research and findings in cognitive development in infancy, childhood and adolescence. It includes theories of how infants and children discover and understand the world, remember information, and solve problems.

PSYC 3421 (3.00)
Adulthood and Aging
Prereq: THIRD YEAR STANDING,PSYC 1001,PSYC 1011, AND AT LEAST 6 CREDITS IN PSYC AT 2000 LEVEL
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours. This course is an overview of social, cognitive, and biological development during early, middle, and late adulthood. Some of the topics covered include career development, menopause, bereavement, late-life changes in memory and sensory processes, and relationships between adults and their parents.

PSYC 3511 (3.00)
Psychology of Women
Prereq: THIRD YEAR STANDING,PSYC 1001,PSYC 1011, AND AT LEAST 6 CREDITS IN PSYC AT 2000 LEVEL
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours. This course systematically reviews psychological theories and research findings about women's development. Topics include biological effects on gender development, gender roles, health and reproduction, personality and social interaction, work, sexuality, violence in women's lives, and mental health. The ways that race, ethnicity, class, physical ability, sexual orientation, and age modify women's experience are also considered.

PSYC 3601 (3.00)
Introduction to Clinical Psychology
Prereq: Take PSYC-2601 and 6 2000 level PSYC credits and have 3rd year standing.
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours. This course systematically reviews psychological theories and research findings about women's development. Topics include biological effects on gender development, gender roles, health and reproduction, personality and social interaction, work, sexuality, violence in women's lives, and mental health. The ways that race, ethnicity, class, physical ability, sexual orientation, and age modify women's experience are also considered.

PSYC 3801 (3.00)
Educational Psychology
Prereq: THIRD YEAR STANDING,PSYC 1001,PSYC 1011, AND AT LEAST 6 CREDITS IN PSYC AT 2000 LEVEL
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours. An introduction to selected principles, research findings, and theories of psychology considered relevant to teaching and learning. Topics will include such areas as human development and learning including developmental changes, motivational and learning processes, exceptionalities and other individual differences, dynamics of social groups, and the evaluation of teaching/learning.

PSYC 3811 (3.00)
Disorders of Learning
Prereq: THIRD YEAR STANDING,PSYC 1001,PSYC 1011, AND AT LEAST 6 CREDITS IN PSYC AT 2000 LEVEL
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour. A lecture and laboratory course which will examine the application of scientific findings in psychology to our understanding of disorders of learning. It will apply knowledge in the fields of cognitive science (memory, attention, etc.), neuropsychology, and learning theory to the field of learning disabilities/dyslexia.

PSYC 3821 (3.00)
Child Psychopathology
Prereq: Take PSYC-2431 and 6 2000 level PSYC courses and have 3rd year standing
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours. This course systematically reviews psychological theories and research findings about women's development. Topics include biological effects on gender development, gender roles, health and reproduction, personality and social interaction, work, sexuality, violence in women's lives, and mental health. The ways that race, ethnicity, class, physical ability, sexual orientation, and age modify women's experience are also considered.

PSYC 3901 (3.00)
History of Psychology
Prereq: PSYC 1001 AND PSYC 1011 AND AT LEAST 2 COURSES IN PSYC AT THE 2000 LEVEL PLUS AT LEAST THIRD-YEAR STANDING
FORMAT: Lecture 3 Hours. A course of lectures and seminars surveying the philosophical roots of scientific psychology, placing the problems and concepts of contemporary psychology in a historical context. The course covers the development of psychology from antiquity to the twentieth century.

PSYC 3991 (3.00)
Special Topics
FORMAT: Variable. This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. NOTE(S): When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. NOTE(S): Students may register for PSYC 1991/2991/3991/4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.

PSYC 4101 (3.00)
Advanced Topics in Behaviourial Neuroscience
Prereq: AT LEAST THIRD YEAR STANDING,PSYC 2101, AND AT LEAST 6 CREDITS IN PSYC AT 3000 LEVEL
FORMAT: Seminar 3 Hours. Advanced seminar on the relation between brain and behaviour.

PSYC 4111 (3.00)
Advanced Topics in Conditioning
FORMAT: Seminar 3 Hours. Advanced seminars on Pavlovian conditioning, operant conditioning and other forms of learning in animals and people.

PSYC 4201 (3.00)
Advanced Topics in Cognition
Prereq: AT LEAST THIRD YEAR STANDING,PSYC 2201, AND AT LEAST 6 CREDITS IN PSYC AT 3000 LEVEL
FORMAT: Seminar 3 Hours. Advanced seminars on subjects of current theoretical interest in the psychology of attention, memory and thought.

PSYC 4301 (3.00)
Advanced Topics in Social Psychology
Prereq: AT LEAST THIRD YEAR STANDING,PSYC 2301, AND AT LEAST 6 CREDITS IN PSYC AT 3000 LEVEL
FORMAT: Seminar 3 Hours. An advanced seminar on selected topics of current theoretical interest in the study of social behaviour.

PSYC 4401 (3.00)
Advanced Topics in Developmental Psychology
Prereq: AT LEAST THIRD YEAR STANDING,ONE FROM PSYC 2401, 2411, 2431, or 3421 ; AND AT LEAST 6 CREDITS IN PSYC AT 3000 LEVEL
FORMAT: Seminar 3 Hours. This course is designed to provide a deeper understanding of the methods and concepts of developmental psychology through intensive treatment of specific research areas.

PSYC 4411 (3.00)
Adv Top in Adulthood & Aging
Prereq: PSYC 2421 or 3421, 6 credits in PSYC at 3000 level At least third-year standing
FORMAT: Seminar 3 Hours. This course will use a seminar format. Specific topics in the field of Adulthood and Aging will be explored in depth (e.g., health and communication across adulthood, collaborative cognition, memory and comprehension of verbal and written information, etc). Theory and research methodology in life-span psychology will also be covered.

PSYC 4421 (3.00)
Adv Top in Social Development
Prereq: PSYC 2431, 6 credits in PSYC at 3000 level At least third-year standing
FORMAT: Seminar 3 Hours. This course will use a seminar format. Specific topics in the field of Adulthood and Aging will be explored in depth (e.g., health and communication across adulthood, collaborative cognition, memory and comprehension of verbal and written information, etc). Theory and research methodology in life-span psychology will also be covered.

PSYC 4601 (3.00)
Advanced Topics in Psychopathology
Prereq: AT LEAST THIRD YEAR STANDING, PSYC 2601, AND AT LEAST 6 CREDITS IN PSYC AT 3000 LEVEL
FORMAT: Seminar 3 Hours. This course presents an in-depth examination of theory and research pertinent to a topic of current interest in the field of Psychopathology.

PSYC 4611 (3.00)
Adv Top in Health Psychology
Prereq: PSYC 2611, 6 credits in PSYC at 3000 level At least third-year standing
FORMAT: Seminar 3 Hours. This course will use a seminar format. Specific topics in the field of Adulthood and Aging will be explored in depth (e.g., health and communication across adulthood, collaborative cognition, memory and comprehension of verbal and written information, etc). Theory and research methodology in life-span psychology will also be covered.

PSYC 4701 (3.00)
Advanced Topics in Personality
Prereq: PSYC 2701 AND AT LEAST 2 COURSES IN PSYC AT THE 3000 LEVEL PLUS AT LEAST THIRD-YEAR STANDING
FORMAT: Seminar 3 Hours. This course presents an in-depth examination of theory and research pertinent to a topic of current interest in the field of Personality.

PSYC 4903 (3.00)
Honours Seminar
FORMAT: Seminar 2 Hours. A seminar for honours students in Psychology that will involve consideration of metatheoretical, psychometric, and ethical issues that inevitably arise in the course of virtually any type of psychological inquiry. In addition to the critical evaluation of classic articles on these topics, students will make periodic presentations of their own ongoing research, which will be open to all members of the Department.

PSYC 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study
FORMAT: Independent Study. This course permits senior students, under the direction faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. NOTE(S): A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. NOTE(S): Students may register for PSYC 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.

PSYC 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study
FORMAT: Independent Study. This course permits senior students, under the direction faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. NOTE(S): A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. NOTE(S): Students may register for PSYC 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.

PSYC 4990 (6.00)
Honours Thesis
Prereq: PSYC 2011
FORMAT: Independent Study/Thesis. The senior thesis will involve an experimental research project carried out in close consultation with a member of the Department.

PSYC 4991 (3.00)
Special Topics
FORMAT: Variable. This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. NOTE(S): When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. NOTE(S): Students may register for PSYC 1991/2991/3991/4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.