IR Core Courses

Politics and International Relations banner graphic.

Political Science IR core courses:

POLS 1001 (3.00)
Foundations of Politics
Exclusion: POLS 1000
This course is an introduction to the foundations of politics through the medium of political theory, Canadian politics, comparative politics, or international politics. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

POLS 2001 (3.00)
Democratic Thought
Prereq: POLS 1000 or 1001; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of POLS 2001 previously offered with a different title
This course examines democratic thought from its origins in the ancient polis through to its modern incarnation in the writings of Rousseau, Tocqueville, John Stuart Mill and selected contemporary theorists. It places particular emphasis on the conflict between participatory and elite models of democratic citizenship. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

POLS 2101 (3.00)
Canadian Government and Politics
Prereq: POLS 1000 or 1001; or permission of the Department
This course is a study of the political process in Canada. It presents an overview of the constitution, institutions, and political actors that represent the essential components of Canada's political culture and government. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

POLS 2211 (3.00)
Canada and the World
Prereq: POLS 1001 or 1000; or permission of the Department
This course is a critical analysis of Canada's place in a rapidly evolving global order. It places particular emphasis on media technology. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

POLS 2221 (3.00)
Introduction to Comparative Politics
Prereq: POLS 1001; or permission of the Department
This course introduces the comparative methods and the importance of theory in this sub-field. It examines several country case studies selected from diverse geographical regions throughout the world. Its topics may include contemporary issues such as terrorism, social movements, civil conflict, and democratic transitions. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

POLS 2301 (3.00)
Introduction to International Relations
Prereq: POLS 1001; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of INLR/POLS 2301 previously offered with a different title
This course introduces several of the major theories, structures, processes, and issues in international relations. After introducing the current theoretical approaches to the study of global politics, the course addresses a series of topics from among the following: systems of global governance; the concept 'terrorism'; non-state actors in global politics such as corporations, social movements, and non-governmental organizations; human rights and human security; gender and international politics; poverty, 'development', and inequality; and the environment. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as INLR 2301 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

International Politics IR core courses:

POLS 3301 (3.00 CR)
Global Goverance
Prereq: INLR/POLS 2301; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: INLR 3101
This course examines the role of international organizations in International Relations with a focus on the United Nations. It addresses the challenges of multilateral diplomacy in the age of globalization and U.S. supremacy. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as INLR 3301 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

POLS 3311 (3.00 CR)
International Political Economy
Prereq: INLR/POLS 2301; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: INLR 3401
This course surveys the critical International Political Economy (IPE) tradition in the study of International Relations, from Marx and Polanyi to Cox and Strange. As a critique of realism and liberalism, IPE posits the inseparability of the domestic and international realms, of the political and economic spheres, as well as of state and society. It examines the impact of globalization and environmental change on states in the global order. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as INLR 3311 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

POLS 3321 (3.00)
International Politics of the Middle East
Prereq: Six credits in Political Science at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: POLS 3991 Middle East Foreign Policy; Any version of POLS 3321 previously offered with a different title
This course examines the factors shaping international politics in the Middle East. It considers issues such as war, conflict resolution, regional alliance behaviour, and the relationships between regional states and the great powers, examining them from the perspective of traditional theories of international relations that emphasize balance of power politics, as well non-traditional theories that emphasize political and economic underdevelopment and dependency. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

POLS 3331 (3.00)
American Foreign Policy
Prereq: Six credits in Political Science at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course examines American foreign policy during the post-World War II period. The first half of the course introduces key concepts and theories concerning the making of American foreign policy. The second half of the course considers the Post-Cold War security environment and the challenges facing US policy makers in the contemporary environment. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

POLS 3341 (3.00)
Security Studies
Prereq: Six credits in Political Science at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of POLS 3001 previously offered with a different title
This course examines strategies for war and peace. The first half of the course focuses on basic military strategies, including attrition, blitzkrieg, and deterrence as well as asymmetric conflict. The second half of the course treats conflict resolution as well as strategies for maintaining peace once it has been achieved. These strategies include humanitarian intervention, balance of power politics, concerts of power, and international institutions. The course focuses on theory but uses case studies to illustrate specific arguments. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

POLS 3351 (3.00)
Foreign Policy Analysis
Prereq: Six credits in Political Science at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course introduces key theories in the study of foreign policy-making. It explores the role of individual decision-makers, interest-groups, economics, bureaucratic politics, and regime types. It also examines how constraints and opportunities in the international system shape foreign policy choices. It analyzes foreign policy in the context of both developed and developing states and considers a variety of different foreign policy issues. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as INLR 3351 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

International Relations IR core courses:

INLR 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in International Relations
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for INLR 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

INLR 2301 (3.00)
Introduction to International Relations
Prereq: POLS 1001; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of INLR/POLS 2301 previously offered with a different title
This course introduces several of the major theories, structures, processes, and issues in international relations. After introducing the current theoretical approaches to the study of global politics, the course addresses a series of topics from among the following: systems of global governance; the concept 'terrorism'; non-state actors in global politics such as corporations, social movements, and non-governmental organizations; human rights and human security; gender and international politics; poverty, 'development', and inequality; and the environment. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as POLS 2301 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

INLR 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in International Relations
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for INLR 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

INLR 3001 (3.00)
Gender and International Relations
Prereq: INLR/POLS 2301; or permission of the Department
This course examines the highly gendered nature of international relations. Topics include the seeming invisibility of women in the study of international affairs and within international decision-making, the existence of differential international "packages of expectations" concerning the roles of men and women, competing dominant and subordinate masculinities and femininities, the struggle for women's empowerment, and the gendered impact of globalization processes. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

INLR 3201 (3.00)
Problems in International Development
Prereq: INLR/POLS 2301; or permission of the Department
This course focuses on leading issues in international development from an international relations perspective. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

INLR 3301 (3.00 CR)
Global Goverance
Prereq: INLR/POLS 2301; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: INLR 3101
This course examines the role of international organizations in International Relations with a focus on the United Nations. It addresses the challenges of multilateral diplomacy in the age of globalization and U.S. supremacy. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as POLS 3301 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

INLR 3311 (3.00 CR)
International Political Economy
Prereq: INLR/POLS 2301; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: INLR 3401
This course surveys the critical International Political Economy (IPE) tradition in the study of International Relations, from Marx and Polanyi to Cox and Strange. As a critique of realism and liberalism, IPE posits the inseparability of the domestic and international realms, of the political and economic spheres, as well as of state and society. It examines the impact of globalization and environmental change on states in the global order. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as POLS 3311 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

INLR 3351 (3.00)
Foreign Policy Analysis
Prereq: Six credits in Political Science at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course introduces key theories in the study of foreign policy-making. It explores the role of individual decision-makers, interest-groups, economics, bureaucratic politics, and regime types. It also examines how constraints and opportunities in the international system shape foreign policy choices. It analyzes foreign policy in the context of both developed and developing states and considers a variety of different foreign policy issues. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as POLS 3351 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

INLR 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in International Relations
Prereq: Take either POLS-2301 or INLR-2301, minimum grade c-. Or permission of the department.
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for INLR 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

INLR 4101 (3.00)
Global Governance Simulation
Prereq: INLR/POLS 2301, INLR 3101; enrolment is restricted to Honours students or by permission of the Department
This course engages students in an innovative and intensive simulation of an international conflict or crisis in order to highlight the challenges of international decision-making in multilateral forums. Case studies are drawn from the United Nations, other international organizations, or disputes among states and non-state actors. (Format: Lecture/Simulation 3 Hours)

INLR 4201 (3.00)
Canada, Globalization, and International Development
Prereq: INLR/POLS 2301 and three credits in INLR at the 3000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: INLR 4701
This course critically evaluates the relationships between various Canadian actors and the so-called 'developing' world, historically and in the contemporary period. Through the use of country case studies this course investigates issues involving Canadian overseas development assistance, and the role played by Canadian corporations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in selected countries. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

INLR 4301 (3.00)
Global Civil Society
Prereq: INLR/POLS 2301 and three credits in INLR at the 3000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: INLR 4701
This course engages students in an advanced analysis of the concept Global Civil Society. It begins by exploring various theoretical approaches to understanding and employing this concept and proceeds to analysis of several issues confronted by Global-Civil-Society actors. Such issues may include: the World Social Forum (WSF); the campaign to ban landmines; anti-capitalist organizing; and the question of violence in achieving social change. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

INLR 4310 (6.00)
International Relations Theory
Prereq: Three credits in POLS or INLR at the 3000 level; or permission of the Department
This course provides an advanced analysis of major theories of International Relations. It may include theories of realism, liberalism, constructivism, Marxism, feminism, poststructuralism, and postcolonialism. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as POLS 4310 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

INLR 4321 (3.00)
Security and Development in the Global South
Prereq: Three credits in POLS or INLR at the 3000 level; or permission of the Department
This course examines the relationship between political, economic, and social development and security. It studies the security environment of a developing world that faces a unique constellation of security threats created by the presence of weak states, divided societies, political and economic dependency, and the pressures of globalization. It uses the perspective of traditional theories that privilege the security of states and regimes as well as non-traditional theories that focus on human and environmental security. The course also examines potential strategies for coping with the various types of insecurity experienced by developing states and societies. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as POLS 4321 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

INLR 4401 (3.00)
Africa in a Global Context
Prereq: INLR/POLS 2301 and three credits in INLR at the 3000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: INLR 4701
This course focuses on the manner in which the African continent is connected to various processes and structures of global politics. Topics may include: the integration of Africa into the global economy; the scramble for oil and gas on the continent; Africa and the 'War on Terror'; the rising role of the Chinese state in Africa; and the role of other major powers such as the United States and France on the continent. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

INLR 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in International Relations
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for INLR 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

INLR 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in International Relations
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for INLR 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

INLR 4990 (6.00)
Honours Thesis
This course comprises independent research and study under the direction of a supervisor approved by the Program Advisor. (Format: Independent Study/Thesis) [Note 1: Permission of the IR Program Advisor and written confirmation from a thesis supervisor submitted to the Program Advisor before March 31 of the year before the thesis is to be undertaken.]

INLR 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in International Relations
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for INLR 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

Economics IR core courses:

ECON 1001 (3.00)
Principles of Microeconomics
Exclusion: ECON 1000
A general introduction to the study of Economics and the nature of economic problems. Of primary concern is the behaviour of consumers and firms in different markets, and the results of their actions as manifested in production, costs, and prices. Market efficiency and market failure are also examined. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Tutorial 1 Hour) [Note 1: Students should normally have completed a university preparatory level course in Mathematics.]

ECON 1011 (3.00)
Principles of Macroeconomics
Exclusion: ECON 1000
A general introduction to the study of Economics and the nature of economic problems. Of primary concern is the determinants of the level of national income, employment, and the accompanying stabilization problems and policies. Topics also include money and banking. international trade, exchange rates, and the problems of inflation. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Tutorial 1 Hour)

ECON 3301 (3.00)
Introduction to Game Theory
Prereq: ECON 1001 and ECON 1011; or MATH 1111 or 1151 or permission of the Department
This course introduces the basic tools and methods of Game Theory. Game Theory is a mathematically oriented approach to understanding the strategic interaction of self-interested agents. Emphasis is on non-cooperative games. Topics include backwards induction, iterative deletion of dominated strategies, Nash equilibrium, repeated games, some equilibrium refinements, evolutionary game theory, and Bayesian Nash equilibria. (Format: Lecture 3 hours, Laboratory 1 Hour) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as MATH 3301 and therefore may count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

ECON 3501 (3.00)
Economic Growth and Technological Change
Prereq: ECON 1001 and 1011; or permission of the Department
This course covers economic theories of economic growth and technological change and their application in the study of the historical evolution of the world economy. Historical sections of the course will selectively cover materials on Canada, the US, Europe, Asia, and the developing world. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 3531 (3.00)
Economic Growth and Development: Japan And East Asia
Prereq: ECON 3501; or permission of the Department
This course focuses on the economic performance of the economies of Japan, China, and other areas of eastern Asia. Economic history and major current events will be covered. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 3551 (3.00)
International Development
Prereq: ECON 1001 and ECON-1011; or permission of the Department
This course focuses on differences in the patterns of economic development in the world economy. The primary focus is the developing world and on national and international policies designed to improve the global distribution of income. The economic development policies of the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the United Nations will be critically examined. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 3801 (3.00)
Environmental Economics
Prereq: ECON 1001 and 1011; or permission of the Department
The application of economic analysis in the study of environmental problems. Students will examine when and why markets often fail to allocate sufficient resources to environmental conservation, and will critically assess different policy instruments available to correct for the fundamental "market failure". Using the analytical methods developed in this course, the following type of policies will be examined: measures to control air and water pollution, the disposal of hazardous wastes, the protection of endangered species, and the control of cross border pollution, including the Canadian "Green Plan". (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 3901 (3.00)
International Trade
Prereq: ECON 1001 and 1011; or permission of the Department
Issues examined will include the pure economic theory of international trade and important institutions (the FTA, NAFTA, the EC, GATT, etc.), plus problems and policies associated with trade in goods and services. Students will examine issues such as free trade and protectionism and the gains and losses resulting from globalization. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 3921 (3.00)
International Finance
Prereq: ECON 1001 and 1011; or permission of the Department
This course examines the financial side of international trade. The focus is on exchange rates, the balance of international payments, alternative means of adjustment to shocks in the international economy, and international monetary arrangements. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Counts as a Commerce elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Major or Minor in Commerce.]

French IR Core

FREN 1651 (3.00)
Preparatory French / Français Préparatoire
Exclusion: FREN 1600
This one-term French grammar course - designed for non-francophones who did not complete High School French - is an intensive review of basic grammatical structures with a particular emphasis on verb conjugation, pronouns, adjectives and syntax. Three class periods per week plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun. Instruction will be in French. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour) [Note 1: Placement by the Department is required. A minimum standard of achievement on the French Skills Assessment is required. Note 2: Students completing FREN 1651 may continue into FREN 1701.]

FREN 1701 (3.00)
Intermediate French I / Français Intermédiaire I
Prereq: FREN 1651 or placement by the Department
Exclusion: FREN 1700
This course is an intensive approach to the development of communication skills through the integration of grammar study, writing practice, and oral exercises. Analysis and discussion of readings reinforce the study of written and oral language. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

FREN 1711 (3.00)
Intermediate French II / Français Intermédiaire II
Prereq: FREN 1701 or placement by the Department
Exclusion: FREN 1700
The continuation of French 1701, this course pursues the development of communication skills through the integration of grammar study, writing practice, and oral exercises. Analysis and discussion of readings reinforce the study of written and oral language. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

FREN 2401 (3.00)
Reading and Writing French I / Langue Et Lectures I
Prereq: FREN 1700 or FREN 1711; or placement by the Department
Exclusion: Any version of FREN 2401 previously offered with a different title
This course requires that students already have a good command of the fundamental aspects of French in both its spoken and written forms. Its objectives are: to improve expression through the study and practice of appropriate sentence structures, such as sequence of past tenses, pronouns as complements, relative clauses, subordinate constructions requiring the subjunctive; to improve reading and analytical skills by examining and discussing texts that raise important and controversial issues; to practice oral expression. Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

FREN 2501 (3.00)
Reading and Writing French II / Langue Et Lectures II
Prereq: FREN 2401; or placement by the Department
Exclusion: Any version of FREN 2501 previously offered with a different title
This course is the continuation of FREN 2401. Its objectives are to further develop reading strategies, to build vocabulary, to continue to improve the formulation of complex sentences by using a variety of co-ordinating/subordinating conjunctions. It also provides practice in writing longer compositions with emphasis on compositional techniques such as outline, structure, and transitions. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Tutorial 1 Hour) [Note 1: Students planning to minor or major in French are encouraged to take FREN 2501 and FREN 2601 concurrently. When FREN 2501 and 2601 are taken concurrently, a C- in both courses is required for entry into 3000-level French literature and culture courses.]

FREN 2601 (3.00)
Fundamentals of Literary Analysis / Initiation À L'analyse Littéraire
Prereq: Prereq or Coreq: FREN 2501; or permission of the Department
This course continues the studies begun in French 2401 and FREN 2501 by further developing skills in reading and interpretation of literary and cultural texts. It provides an introduction to textual analysis through selected critical approaches. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Students planning to minor or major in French are encouraged to take FREN 2501 and FREN 2601 concurrently. When FREN 2501 and 2601 are taken concurrently, a C- in both courses is required for entry into 3000-level French literature and culture courses.]

FREN 3101 (3.00)
Advanced Written French I / Le Français Écrit Avancé I
Prereq: FREN 2501; or permission of the Department
Intensive review of French grammar with particular attention to features of special difficulty for anglophones. Practice in both grammatical structures and idiomatic usage. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3111 (3.00)
Advanced Written French II / Le Français Écrit Avancé II
Prereq: FREN 3101; or permission of the Department
Writing practice and composition; the idiomatic use of French in a variety of contexts: informal prose, expository writing, technical language, literary language. Vocabulary and style exercises. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3131 (3.00)
Advanced Oral French / Français Oral Avancé
Prereq: FREN 2501; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FREN 3151, 3161
This course is designed for students at the advanced level who aim to speak French with enhanced clarity, spontaneity and colour. It offers a systematic study of phonological and prosodic features of French. By exposing students to a variety of authentic audio-visual documents from Francophone parts of the world, the course targets acquisition of vocabulary, improvement of aural comprehension and the development of communicative strategies through a variety of situations such as conversations, debates, interviews, and presentations. (Format: Lecture/Workshop 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is open to students studying French as a second language.]

German IR Core:

GERM 1001 (3.00)
Elementary German I
Exclusion: GERM 1000
This is an intensive course designed for students with no previous knowledge of German. It focuses on the acquisition of basic proficiency in comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing the German language. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

GERM 1011 (3.00)
Elementary German II
Prereq: GERM 1001; or permission of the Department. Students entering from high school with advanced credit should contact the Department before enrolling
Exclusion: GERM 1000
The continuation of German 1001, this course pursues the acquisition of basic proficiency in comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing the German language. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

GERM 2001 (3.00)
Intermediate German I
Prereq: GERM 1000 or 1011; or permission of the Department. Students entering from high school with advanced credit should see the Department before enrolling.
Exclusion: GERM 2000
This course gives a thorough review of German grammar and syntax, and expands active vocabulary to about 2000 words. Along with composition and conversation it introduces literary analysis. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

GERM 2011 (3.00)
Intermediate German II
Prereq: GERM 2001; or permission of the Department. Students entering from high school with advanced credit should contact the Department before enrolling
Exclusion: GERM 2000
The continuation of German 2001, this course pursues a review of grammar and syntax, the expansion of vocabulary, along with composition and conversation exercises and an introduction to literary analysis. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

GERM 3001 (3.00)
Advanced German I
Prereq: GERM 2000 or 2011; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: GERM 3000
This course studies advanced grammar and syntax in German through further expansion of active vocabulary, frequent compositions, oral reports, and an introduction to stylistics. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

GERM 3401 (3.00)
Topics in German Literature I
Prereq: GERM 2000 or 2011; or permission of the Department
This course explores a selection of literary texts representative of the distinct literary tradition in German-speaking countries. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

GERM 3501 (3.00)
Topics in German Literature II
Prereq: GERM 2000 or 2011; or permission of the Department
This course explores a selection of literary texts representative of the distinct literary tradition in German-speaking countries. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

Spanish IR Core

SPAN 1101 (3.00)
Introductory Spanish I
Exclusion: SPAN 1100
This course teaches elements of Spanish grammar and pronunciation through practice and reading of prescribed texts. This is an intensive course designed for students who have no previous knowledge of Spanish. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

SPAN 1111 (3.00)
Introductory Spanish II
Prereq: SPAN 1101; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: SPAN 1100
The continuation of SPAN 1101, this course focuses on elements of Spanish grammar and pronunciation through practice and reading of prescribed texts. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

SPAN 2101 (3.00)
Intermediate Spanish I
Prereq: SPAN 1100, SPAN 1111; or permission of the Deparmtent
Exclusion: SPAN 2100
This course consolidates and develops language skills acquired in first year Spanish. It offers intermediate Spanish grammar, oral practice, reading of prescribed texts, and an introduction to Hispanic cultures. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

SPAN 2111 (3.00)
Intermediate Spanish II
Prereq: SPAN 2101; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: SPAN 2100
The continuation of SPAN 2101, this course combines intermediate Spanish grammar, translation, oral practice, and reading of prescribed texts with a further introduction to Hispanic literatures and cultures. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

SPAN 3060 (6.00)
Field Study in Language and Culture
Prereq: SPAN 2100 and permission of the Department
This course includes intensive study of the Spanish language as well as instruction in history and culture with an emphasis on sociolinguistic aspects of the country in which it is taught. Students participating in this course will combine their classroom instruction with a significant component of field research in theatre, film, or other related arts. (Format: Field Course) [Note 1: This course is only available to students during the Spring/Summer Term. Students should be aware of the additional costs of travel and participation fees.]

SPAN 3101 (3.00)
Advanced Spanish I
Prereq: SPAN 2100 or SPAN 2111; or permission of the Department
This course includes intensive conversation, composition and translation. Applied grammar will be included, as will exposure to Hispanic cultures through audiovisual resources (film, print journalism and computer-based sources). Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

SPAN 3111 (3.00)
Advanced Spanish II
Prereq: SPAN 3101; or permission of the Department
A continuation of the Advanced Spanish Language course, primarily through literary texts from Spain and Latin America. This course includes intensive practice in writing, translation, and oral expression, and offers an introduction to Hispanic Literatures that is a prerequisite (or, with permission from the Department, a co-requisite) for all Hispanic Studies courses numbered 3200 and higher. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

Japanese IR Core

JAPA 1001 (3.00)
Introductory Japanese I
Exclusion: JAPA 1000
This course offers an introduction to the main elements of the modern Japanese language. It emphasizes learning the hiragana and katakana systems of writing and the essentials of grammar. It is intended for students with no prior background in Japanese. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

JAPA 1011 (3.00)
Introductory Japanese II
Prereq: JAPA 1001; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: JAPA 1000
A continuation of JAPA 1001, this course introduces the main elements of the modern Japanese language. It emphasizes learning the hiragana and katakana systems of writing and the essentials of grammar. In addition students begin to learn the kanji character form and there is an increasing emphasis on communication in spoken and written Japanese. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

JAPA 2001 (3.00)
Intermediate Japanese I
Prereq: JAPA 1000 or JAPA 1011; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: JAPA 2000
This course is a continuation of JAPA 1011, directing particular attention to communications skills in both writing and speaking Japanese. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

JAPA 2011 (3.00)
Intermediate Japanese II
Prereq: JAPA 2001; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: JAPA 2000
This course is a continuation of JAPA 2001 directing particular attention to communications skills in both writing and speaking Japanese. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

Anthropology IR electives:

ANTH 3021 (3.00)
Classical Theory in Anthropology
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of ANTH 3021 previously offered with a different title
A review of the historical emergence of and major approaches taken to cultural and social anthropology. It will introduce the students to the major components of evolutionism, neo-evolutionism, particularism, functionalism, culture and personality, cultural materialism, and ecological anthropology. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3031 (3.00)
Indigenous Knowledge Systems: Theoretical and Methodological Issues
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
This course explores the epistemology of systems of knowledge of Indigenous Peoples throughout the world. We ask questions such as "How is knowledge constructed?" "What is embodied in the terms "science" and "ethnoscience?" "Does Indigenous Knowledge differ from Scientific Knowledge and are there possibilities for integration in education, development and research?" (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3101 (3.00)
Social Inequality
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
A critical and comparative analysis of social inequality, one of the original and central issues in social thought. The course will consider the major theoretical interpretations of the various forms of structured social inequality. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3401 (3.00)
Belief Systems
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
This course explores the relationship between ideas, beliefs and social/cultural context. It covers a wide range of phenomena, among which are magic, witchcraft, shamanism, initiation and other types of rituals, and religious movements. (Format: Lecture/Case Studies 3 Hours)

ANTH 3531 (3.00)
Family and Kinship
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
A study of a central principle of social organization and a major institution in society. The course will investigate the forms and functions of kinship and the role of and changes in the family in relation to pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrial societies. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3621 (3.00)
Health and Culture
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
A review of the relations between human health and culture, biology and environment, with reference to the social dimensions of health, sickness, disease, and treatment. Through cross cultural and historic comparisons, connections between mainstream and alternate medicine are explored, and the role of anthropology in clinical settings and international health is discussed. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3831 (3.00)
Areal Ethnography
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
An ethnographic study of an area other than those covered in other 3800 courses. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3841 (3.00)
Southeast Asian Ethnography
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
A course addressing social, cultural, and political issues in Southeast Asia from historical and contemporary perspectives, and considering social change and culture persistence in the region and in particular countries. Current topics such as refugees, biodiversity, gender, trade and development, nationalism, the legitimization of power, and relations between ethnic minorities and the state will be examined. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3851 (3.00)
Arctic Ethnography
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
A survey course exploring the diversity of the circumpolar regions, Siberia, Alaska, Greenland, Scandinavia and the Canadian North. How indigenous cultures have flourished in the harshest environment on earth will be examined. In addition, current issues facing indigenous peoples today such as, land claims, self-government, intellectual property rights, and transnational linkages, will be discussed. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3861 (3.00)
African Ethnography
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
A course in which ethnographic studies of African peoples will be considered from a critical perspective. through course-readings and lectures and in extended class discussions covering a range of topics including art, ritual, gender, history, economy and world view. Students will be called upon to question the ways in which Africa and African people have been represented in anthropological, colonial and popular discourses. Current issues that dominate academic and popular writing on the continent and its inhabitants will be approached from this same critical stance. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3871 (3.00)
North African and Middle Eastern Ethnography
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ANTH 3831 - Areal Ethnography Mideast/Middle East and North Africa
This course explores the themes of similarity and difference among Muslim, Jewish, and Christian populations of North Africa and the Middle East in historical and contemporary perspective. Topics include the relationship between state and society through such institutions as family, gender, ritual, law, and foodways. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 4721 (3.00)
Globalization and Social Change
Prereq: ANTH 3021 or 3031; 3311; 3 credits from ANTH 3800 series; or permission of the Department
This course uses ethnographic materials to explore the meanings and central processes of globalization as a force in reshaping social and cultural life everywhere. Particular concerns include the relationship between globalization, inequality and poverty, the fate of cultural diversity in a globalizing world, and issues of gender, ethnicity, the environment, social justice, and human rights. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

Economics IR electives:

English IR electives:

ENGL 3751 (3.00)
Post-Colonial African Literature
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3751 (Literatures of the South Pacific and Africa)
This course examines African literature in English from 1950, covering the novel, drama, and poetry and relating the literature to both Post-Colonial theory and to the historical developments in African politics and cultures. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3761 (3.00)
Literatures of Australia, New Zealand And the South Pacific
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3751 (Literatures of the South Pacific and Africa)
This course traces the development, from their beginnings in the 1800's, of the literatures of Australia and New Zealand, and introduces the more recent literature from the South Pacific and island states. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3771 (3.00)
Caribbean Literature
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3761 (Literatures of South East Asia and Caribbean)
This course offers an introduction to the literature of the Caribbean Islands since 1945. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3781 (3.00)
The Literature of India and Southeast Asia
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course examines the 20th century literature of India and Southeast Asia against the history of the various independence movements and other ideological movements important to the cultures of the area. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3921 (3.00)
Cultural Studies
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course offers an introduction to the broad field of contemporary cultural studies, paying particular attention to current theoretical models of 'reading' the texts of popular culture. Diverse forms of texts will be examined. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 4941 (3.00)
Selected Topics in Literary Representations of Race, Culture and Nation
(Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

Geography and Environment IR electives:

GENV 3101 (3.00)
Environment and Development
Prereq: GENV 2001 or 2101; and 2221; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: GEOG 3101
This course examines current thinking on the relationship between environment and development. Topics may include: sustainable development, rural land use change, tropical deforestation and forest management, indigenous environmental knowledge, and community-based conservation. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

GENV 3201 (3.00)
Canadian Environmental Policy
Prereq: GENV 2001, GENV 2221 or ECON 1001; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: GEOG 3201
This course studies the politics and policies of environmental problem-solving within the Canadian context. It examines key features of the Canadian political system - its parlimentary structure, robust federalism among others - in light of the nation's evolving environmental policy. It pays particular attention to the role of stakeholder dynamics and alternative regulatory tools and strategies (e.g., pollution taxes, best available technology, etc.). (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

GENV 3321 (3.00)
Geography of Japan
Prereq: Third-year standing, and at least one of GENV 1201, 2311, HIST 1611; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: GEOG 3321
This course examines Japan's geography since 1860, emphasizing the importance of international trade and new technologies and their roles in forming new geographic relationships for Japan with other parts of East Asia and with the West. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

GENV 3811 (3.00)
Geography of Urbanization
Prereq: Third-year standing plus GENV 1201 and 2311; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: GEOG 3811
This course investigates the evolution of the modern city through historic phases of mercantile, industrial, corporate, and post-industrial growth. It highlights urbanization processes in the development of urban economies, urban society, the social geography of cities, political reform, urban planning, and the creation of new urban forms in the late twentieth century post-industrial economy. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

GENV 4101 (3.00)
Seminar in Environmental Issues
Prereq: GENV 1201, 2001; GENS 1401; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: GEOG 4101
This course examines the current state of scientific knowledge related to various contemporary environmental issues and the public policy implications of these issues. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

GENV 4111 (3.00)
International Environmental Affairs
Prereq: GENV 3201 or GEOG 3201; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: GEOG 4101
This course explores international environmental problems and their solutions. It examines climate change, biodiversity, conservation, international marine pollution, and the relationship between trade and environment, among other topics, giving particular consideration to the roles of science, civil society, and international governance. (Format: Lecture/Seminar 3 Hours)

GENV 4211 (3.00)
Resource Communities and the Multinational Corporation
Prereq: GEOG 2101 and 2201, or GENV 2101 and 2201; or permission of the Department
This course explores the economic geography of resource industries with a focus on the role that large corporations play in shaping the fortunes of communities where they operate. Its conceptual themes include staples theory, industrial restructuring, the 'greening' (or greenwashing) of economic activity, and the use and abuse of environmental science by corporate interests. These issues are grounded in examinations of regional resource sectors, including forestry and fishing, as well as international case studies. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

GENV 4301 (3.00)
Seminar in Area Studies
Prereq: Any two of GENV 2201, 2311, 3201, 3211 or 3301; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: GEOG 4301
This course studies a selected world region through a combination of directed readings, seminar presentations, and individual research. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

GENV 4811 (3.00)
Gender, Culture and the City
Prereq: GENV 3811; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: GEOG 4811
This course examines the relationship between socially constructed gender relations and the nature and form of urban areas. Students consider how social and cultural categories and historical processes shape the production of urban space, and how we in turn are shaped by it. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

GENV 4821 (3.00)
Seminar in Urban Issues
Prereq: GENV 3811 and any two of GENV 2201, 2311, or 3211; permission of the Department
Exclusion: GEOG 4821
This course explores a selected contemporary urban issue focusing in any given year on topics such as the political geography of the Canadian urban movement, the urban dynamics of key world cities, cities in the developing world, and cities and the 'new' economy. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

History IR electives:

HIST 3001 (3.00)
Democracy and Imperialism in Classical Greece
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics or History course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
An examination of archaic and classical Greek history and civilization from the emergence of the polis to the fall of the Athenian empire. Main themes include the development of political institutions, warfare, and gender relations. Emphasis is placed on historical methods and the interpretation of ancient evidence. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as CLAS 3001 and may therefore count for three credits in either discipline.]

HIST 3021 (3.00)
Conquest and Expansion: the Rise and Fall of the Roman Republic
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics or History course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
An examination of the development of Rome from a small city-state into the leading power in the Mediterranean. Main themes include the conflict between Rome and Carthage, the conquest of the Hellenistic East, and the political and social changes in Roman society. There will be an emphasis on the analysis and interpretation of primary sources in translation. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as CLAS 3021 and may therefore count for three credits in either discipline.]

HIST 3031 (3.00)
The Roman Empire: Centre and Periphery
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics or History course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
An examination of the history of imperial Rome from the age of Augustus to that of Constantine. Main themes include the imperial form of government, the Roman army, urban development and its impact on society, and the conflicts between Romans and other cultures. There will be an emphasis on the analysis and interpretation of primary sources in translation. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as CLAS 3031 and may therefore count for three credits in either discipline.]

HIST 3121 (3.00)
The Renaissance in Italy and Beyond
Prereq: Six credits from History at the 2000 level, HIST 2011 recommended; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3110; any version of HIST 3121 previously offered with a different title
This course treats the remarkable cultural flowering that began during the mid-thirteenth century in the politically and socially volatile city-states of northern Italy before spreading during the fifteenth century to the courts, city halls, print-shops, monasteries, and schools of northern Europe. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3141 (3.00)
Early Mediaeval Europe
Prereq: Six credits from History at the 2000 level, HIST 2001 recommended; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3050, HIST 3141 (Celtic and Germanic Europe to the Age of Charlemagne)
This course treats the history of Europe from the disintegration of Roman imperial authority in the fifth century to the collapse of the Carolingian empire in the course of the ninth and early tenth centuries. Themes include: the establishment of Germanic 'successor' kingdoms, development of the papacy, missionary activities to Christianize pagan peoples, and the reigns of Charlemagne and his descendants. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3161 (3.00)
The Crusades
Prereq: Six credits from History at the 2000 level, HIST 2001 recommended; or permission of the Department
This course treats the European crusading movement from the eleventh through the fifteenth centuries, examining not only familiar expeditions to Palestine but also the use of crusades to sanction conquest and colonization along mediaeval European frontiers in Spain and northeastern Europe and to combat religious and political challenges to papal authority. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3231 (3.00)
Pax Britannica: Britain's Global Hegemony, 1650-1885
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level, at least three credits from among HIST 1601, 1611, and 2301 recommended; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of HIST 3231 previously offered with a different title
This course examines Britain's rise to world power from the mid-seventeenth to the late nineteenth century with special reference to foreign policy, naval supremacy, international economic influence and the acquisition of empire, together with its impact on both governors and governed. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3241 (3.00)
Imperial Sunset: Britain's Retreat From World Power 1885 to the Present
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; at least three credits from among HIST 2041, 2721, 2731, and 3231 recommended; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of HIST 3241 previously offered with a different title
This course analyses Britain's decline as a world power, its replacement in that role by the United States, its relations with the emerging nation states of the Third World and its uneasy participation in the European Community. Topics include: interwar development policies for Africa, Indian nationalism, World War II and the decolonization of Asia and Africa, the 'special relationship' with the USA, the evolution of the European Community and continued underdevelopment in the Third World. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3301 (3.00)
Europe in the Twentieth Century, 1900-1945
Prereq: Six credits from History at the 2000 level, HIST 2041 recommended; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3390
This course examines the major political, social, cultural and economic developments in Europe from the beginning of the century to the end of World War II. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3311 (3.00)
Europe Since 1945
Prereq: Six credits from History at the 2000 level, HIST 2041 recommended; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3390
This course examines the major political, social, cultural and economic developments in Europe from the post-war era of reconstruction to the foundation of the European Union. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3321 (3.00)
War and Society in Europe From the Late Middle Ages to Napoleon (1400-1815)
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level, at least three credits from among HIST 1611, 1661, 2011, 2031, and 3161 recommended; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3600, 3380
This course examines the interrelationship between war and society from the late mediaeval period until the Congress of Vienna, which ended the Napoleonic Wars. Topics include: the gunpowder revolution, the rise of states, power and the pursuit of wealth, revolution and war, the social effects of warfare, transformations in strategy and tactics, and the changing justifications for war. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3331 (3.00)
War and Society in Europe From Napoleon to Nuremberg (1815-1945)
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level, at least three credits from among HIST 1661, 2041, 3301, and 3321 recommended; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3600, 3380
This course examines the interrelationship between war and society from the Congress of Vienna, which ended the Napoleonic Wars, to the conclusion of the Second World War. Topics include: technology and war; the military implications of industrial competition; nationalism, state-building, and warfare; the First World War; and the Second World War and its immediate aftermath. In addition to the social effects of war, the course also examines peacemaking and changing ethical views towards warfare. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3381 (3.00)
Fascism in Europe 1890-1945
Prereq: Six credits from History at the 2000 level, HIST 2041 recommended; or permission of the Department
This course undertakes a comparative analysis of the origins, theory and nature of fascism in France, Italy and Germany from about 1890 to 1945.(Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3561 (3.00)
United States Foreign Relations
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST/POLS 3560
This course surveys American diplomacy and foreign relations from colonial times through the twentieth century. Throughout, attention is paid to American domestic policies and the role of public opinion in determining foreign policy. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3710 (6.00)
China Since 1949
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 2000 level, HIST 2721 or 2731 recommended; or permission of the Department
This course deals with the contemporary history of China, focusing on six topics: the role of ideology; foreign policy goals and practicalities; intellectuals and student activists; religion, the rural-urban continuum; and economic changes since 1949. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3721 (3.00)
The Confucian World
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 2000 level, HIST 2721 or 2731 recommended; or permission of the Department
This course examines the various schools of Confucianism that have dominated the philosophy, social relations, and political economy of China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam for thousands of years. It analyzes these relationships from the twelfth-century emergence of Neo-Confucianism until the collapse of the Qing dynasty 700 years later. It pays particular attention to the Confucian legacy in the modern, industrialized states of East Asia. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3741 (3.00)
Classical and Early Modern China
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 2000 level, HIST 2721 or 2731 recommended; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 2711
This course examines the major social, cultural, economic and intellectual trends of dynastic China from Tang to early Qing (700-1800). It also considers the "Middle Kingdom" world view and China's position in global trade and diplomatic networks prior to European expansion. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3761 (3.00)
Japan and the Making of Modern Asia
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History at the 2000 level, HIST 2721 or 2731 recomended; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST/POLS 3731, HIST 3751; any version of HIST 3761 previously offered with a different title
This course examines the modern history of Asia, centering on Japan and its interactions with China, Korea, and the Euro-American powers. It considers particularly how the peoples of this region initiated and responded to radical social, political, and economic change. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 4250 (6.00)
Britain in the Twentieth Century
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 3211, 3221, 3231, 3241, 3251, POLS 3400; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 4600; any version of HIST 4250 previously offered with a different title
This course examines Britain's domestic history as well as its imperial and international relations from 1900 to the present. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4300 (6.00)
The Birth of the Modern Age
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 3301, 3311, 3361, 3371, 3381; or permission of the Department
This senior seminar explores some of the profound social, cultural, political and economic changes that transformed European life during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Topics vary from year to year. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4321 (3.00)
Topics in Environmental History
Prereq: Third-year standing with at least six credits from any History 3000 level courses; or permission of the Department
This seminar examines selected topics of environmental history with a focus on Europe from the fifteenth century to the present. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4401 (3.00)
Canada and the Pacific Rim
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 3441, 3461, 3491, 3710, 3731, 3741, 3751, 3801, 3811, GENV 3321; or permission of the Department
This senior seminar explores the relationship between Canada and the countries and peoples of the Pacific Rim. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4701 (3.00)
Asia in War and Revolution
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least 9 credits in History at the 3000 level; or permission of the Department
This seminar examines the impact of war and revolution on the cultures, economies, and systems of governance in modern Asia. Particular attention is also paid to the relationship between war and remembrance and the ways in which memories of war have been constructed and mobilized for political and ideological purposes. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

Political Science IR electives:

POLS 3011 (3.00)
Modern Political Thought
Prereq: Six credits in Political Science at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of POLS 3011 previously offered with a different title
This course examines the modern tradition of political thought from its origins in Hobbes and Locke to its zenith in Rousseau and Marx. It emphasizes the defining problems of freedom, history, property, revolution, and the state. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

POLS 3200 (6.00)
European Politics
Prereq: Six credits in Political Science at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course is a comparative analysis of government and politics with particular emphasis on Europe's role in a changing geopolitical order. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

POLS 3211 (3.00)
American Government and Politics
Prereq: Six credits in Political Science at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: POLS 2201
This course examines the political process in the United States. It presents an overview of the constitution, institutions, and political actors that represent the essential components of American political culture and government. It may also focus on one or more important policy areas. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

POLS 3221 (3.00)
African Politics
Prereq: Six credits in Political Science at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course introduces the study of African politics and development. It examines a number of country case studies and important contemporary issues. Its topics may include critical analysis of colonial and pre-colonial historical contexts, the nature of the post-colonial state in Africa, and the manner in which Africa is integrated into the global economy. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

POLS 3231 (3.00)
Comparative Politics of the Middle East
Prereq: Six credits in Political Science at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: POLS 3991 Comparative Politics of the Middle East
This course examines the political dynamics of selected states and societies in the Middle East. It addresses such issues as post-colonial state formation and political development; the political economy of reform; petropolitics; gender; minorities; the effects of regional conflict on domestic politics; the growth of secular and religious opposition movements; and processes of political liberalization and de-liberalization. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

POLS 4200 (6.00)
Political and Cultural Change: a Comparative Analysis of North America And Europe
Prereq: Three credits in Political Science at the 2000 or 3000 level ; or permission of the Department
A comparative analysis of the impact of political change on the broader culture, as expressed in literature, cinema, architecture and communications media. Examples will be taken from North American and European experience. (Format: Lecture/Seminar 3 Hours)

POLS 4211 (3.00)
Politics and Literature
Prereq: Three credits in Political Science at the 2000 or 3000 level ; or permission of the Department
An analysis of the relationship between literature and social change. Selected works of a number of recent Latin American and Central European writers will be examined. (Format: Lecture/Seminar 3 Hours)

POLS 4300 (6.00)
Canadian Foreign Policy
Prereq: POLS 3310; or permission of the Department
A study of the major themes and issues in post-1945 Canadian Foreign policy, with a focus on the concept of internationalism as the foundation for Canada's post-war approaches to international order and security. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

POLS 4310/INLR 4310 (6.00)
International Relations Theory
Prereq: Three credits in POLS or INLR at the 3000 level; or permission of the Department
This course provides an advanced analysis of major theories of International Relations. It may include theories of realism, liberalism, constructivism, Marxism, feminism, poststructuralism, and postcolonialism. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as INLR 4310 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

POLS 4321 (3.00)
Security and Development in the Global South
Prereq: Three credits in POLS or INLR at the 3000 level; or permission of the Department
This course examines the relationship between political, economic, and social development and security. It studies the security environment of a developing world that faces a unique constellation of security threats created by the presence of weak states, divided societies, political and economic dependency, and the pressures of globalization. It uses the perspective of traditional theories that privilege the security of states and regimes as well as non-traditional theories that focus on human and environmental security. The course also examines potential strategies for coping with the various types of insecurity experienced by developing states and societies. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as INLR 4321 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

Religious Studies IR electives:

RELG 3001 (3.00)
Hinduism
Prereq: Three credits from RELG 1681, 2401, or 2411; and three credits from any RELG course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: RELG 3261
A study of Hinduism, examining its origins, history, philosophy, and culture. The course will treat ancient, classical, medieval and modern periods, and conclude with a discussion of the challenges facing contemporary Hinduism. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

RELG 3101 (3.00)
Buddhism
Prereq: Three credits from RELG 1681, 2401, or 2411; and three credits from any RELG course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: RELG 3271
A study of Buddhism, examining its origins, history, philosophy and cultures. The course will treat the three major strands of classical Buddhism, and conclude with an analysis of the growing phenomenon of Western Buddhism. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

RELG 3301 (3.00)
Religions of China
Prereq: Three credits from RELG 1681, 2401, or 2411; and three credits from any RELG course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course will study the religious traditions of China, examining the basic ideas and concepts underlying Chinese religion and the ways in which these ideas were implemented. The course will look in detail at both Confucianism and Daoism, at Chinese folk religion, and at the adaptation of Buddhism to China. It will conclude with an evaluation of the current state of religion in China. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

RELG 3311 (3.00)
Religions of Japan
Prereq: Three credits from RELG 1681, 2401, or 2411; and three credits from any RELG course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course will study the religious traditions of Japan, examining the underlying ideas and concepts of Shinto, including its relation to Shamanism, the nature and role of Kami, the role of purity and aesthetics, and its political functions. The introduction and adaptation of Buddhism and its relation to Shinto will be discussed, as will the modern day "new religions" which form such a vital part of contemporary Japanese religious practice. The influence and roles of Confucianism and Daoism will also be briefly covered. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

RELG 3411 (3.00)
Gender Issues in Eastern Religions
Prereq: Three credits from RELG 1641 or 1681, and three credits from RELG 2401 or 2411; or permission of the Department
This course examines the role that gender plays in the context of myths, scriptural texts, rituals and doctrine, in the major religious traditions of the East. It examines such matters as sexuality and sexual orientation, the body, feminism and other critical approaches, political rights and responsibilities, access to religious experience, and spiritual leadership. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

RELG 3501 (3.00)
Judaism
Prereq: Three credits from any RELG 1600 course, and either RELG 2801, 2811, or 2841; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: RELG 3241
This course examines the roots and various expressions of Judaism in the ancient world up to the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans in 70 CE and the rise of Rabbinic Judaism. Jewish life in the medieval world and the Islamic East, as well as the emergence of Kabbalah, are also discussed. The course then examines the emergence of various expressions of modern Judaism, including religious Zionism. The core convictions, sacred texts, institutions, and practices of Judaism will be analyzed within these historical contexts. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

RELG 3601 (3.00)
Christianity
Prereq: Three credits from any RELG 1600 course and three credits from any RELG 2000 course; or permission of the Department
This course examines in detail the enormous breadth and richness of the Christian tradition, beginning with its historical and theological roots in the Jewish tradition and ending with some of the challenges faced in the contemporary world. It traces a path through key topics including theological thought, mystical experience, devotional practice, artistic expression, and ideological influence. The aim is to represent Christianity in its many facets and forms so as to appreciate its fundamental and ongoing significance in shaping Western cultural identity. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

RELG 3701 (3.00)
Islam
Prereq: Three credits from RELG 1671 or 2801; and three credits from any RELG course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: RELG 3291
This course traces Islam from its origins in the life and activities of Mohammed through to contemporary world Islam and its diverse responses to the challenges of "modernity" and the West. The world view, institutions, rituals, and practices of Islam will be studied within these changing historical and cultural contexts. Effort will be made throughout to gain insight into the religious, spiritual impulses which animate Islam and unite devout Muslims. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

RELG 3811 (3.00)
Gender Issues in Western Religions
Prereq: Three credits from any RELG 1600 course, and three credits from any RELG 2000 course; or permission of the Department
This course examines the role that gender plays in the context of myths, scriptural texts, rituals and doctrine, in the major religious traditions of the West. It examines such matters as sexuality and sexual orientation, the body, feminism and other critical approaches, political rights and responsibilities, access to religious experience, and spiritual leadership. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

RELG 3891 (3.00)
Indian Philosophy
Prereq: Six credits in Philosophy; or permission of the Department
A study of selected primary sources in the Indian philosophical tradition, from the Vedas and Upanishads to the recent work of thinkers like S. Radhakrishnan. Topics usually include the nature of reality, moral obligation, Divinity, selfhood and freedom, the philosophy of love, and various social and political issues. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as PHIL 3891 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.]

RELG 3911 (3.00)
Contemporary Ethical Issues in Western Religions
Prereq: Three credits from any RELG 1600 course, and RELG 2411 or PHIL 2701; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of RELG 3911 previously offered with a different title
This course considers the nature of ethics and explores some of the most prominent contemporary ethical issues, such as abortion, euthanasia, ecology, gay rights, racism, and sexism. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

RELG 3921 (3.00)
Contemporary Ethical Issues in Eastern Religions
Prereq: Three credits from any RELG 1600 course, and either RELG 2411 or PHIL 2701; or permission of the Department.
Exclusion: Any version of RELG 3921 previously offered with a different title
This course considers the response of Eastern Traditions' to contemporary ethical issues, such as those of abortion, euthanasia, ecology, and bio-medical technologies. The course looks at both classical and contemporary perspectives. (Format: Seminar 2 Hours)

RELG 3941 (3.00)
Religion, Revolution and Violence
Prereq: Three credits from any RELG 1600 course, and three credits from any RELG 2000 course; or permission of the Department.
Exclusion: RELG 3231
This course examines the development and historical manifestations of ideologies of violence and nonviolence within the major world religions, with special attention to how these ideologies continue to play themselves out in contemporary global and national conflicts. (Format: Lecture 2 Hours)

RELG 3981 (3.00)
Religious Ethics and the Environment
Prereq: Three credits from RELG 1600 and either RELG 2411 or Phil 2701; or permission of the Department
This course investigates the role that various religions play in human interaction with the environment and explores how religions are responding or not responding to environmental problems. It examines various religious perspectives on nature and examines critically scholarship which applies religious perspectives to issues in environmental ethics. It also considers the religious basis of contemporary environmental thinkers and movements and examines the worldview assumptions and values that underlie so-called secular approaches to environmental issues.(Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

RELG 4401 (3.00)
Ascetics, Saints, and Scoundrels: Asian Religious Themes in Literature
Prereq: Six credits from RELG 3001, 3101, 3301, 3311, 3921, 3811, 3981; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of RELG 4401 previously offered with a different title
This course examines several genres such as those found in Hindu and Buddhist literature. The course begins with a study of selected classical texts and concludes with a discussion of selected Asian and Western contemporary literary works. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

RELG 4411 (3.00)
Advanced Studies in Eastern Thought
Prereq: Six credits from RELG 3001, 3101, 3301, 3311, 3921, 3811, 3981; or permission of the Department
This course focuses on the philosophical traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism. It examines both classical systems of thought and their modern interpretations. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

RELG 4421 (3.00)
Eastern Religions and the Challenge of Modernity
Prereq: Three credits from RELG 1681, 2401 or 2411, and three credits from RELG 3001, 3101, 3301, 3311; or permission of the Department
This course examines the contemporary state of Eastern Religions. It discusses the recent histories of Eastern Religions, and looks at the challenges of science, consequences of colonialism, movements of political independence, and issues of poverty and social justice. It studies particularly these traditions' encounter with the West, and their responses to the cultural exchange that ensues from this encounter. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

RELG 4611 (3.00)
Reinventing the Sacred: Christianity in The Post-Secular West
Prereq: RELG 3601 and 3901; or permission of the Department
This course considers the relationship between the Christian tradition and contemporary Western culture and looks at contemporary re-articulations of Christian beliefs, practices, and understandings. It examines from a cultural- critical perspective how thinkers have been forced to reformulate and modify traditional positions and beliefs in order to accommodate what are often vastly differing or at least unpredictable circumstances. This course considers how such innovations may reveal new ways forward in terms that are social, political, ethical, spiritual, and possibly even conventional. Ultimately it invites students to reflect on how these perspectives might enable the West to re-imagine its future possibilities in ways that are challenging and transformative for both the Christian tradition and Western identity. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

RELG 4821 (3.00)
The Authority of the Text: Meaning and Sacredness in Western Scripture
Prereq: RELG 3901; and one of RELG 3811, 3931, 3941 or 3971; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of RELG 4821 previously offered with a different title
This course examines the nature of scripture and what (or who) gives it authority. Through study of the related phenomena of interpretation, sacredness, and canonicity in biblical traditions, this course addresses questions of the origins of sacred texts and how such texts establish and sustain the religious, cultural, and social lives of communities. It explores how and with what results culturally and historically diverse interpretive communities have made fresh appropriations of scriptural traditions through various strategies of interpretation. It also asks what is at stake in these deliberations, who benefits, and how power operates or shifts via the various ideological mechanisms that serve to authorize scripture. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

Sociology IR electives:

SOCI 3431 (3.00)
Critical Media Analysis
Prereq: SOCI 1001, and 6 credits from 2000 level Sociology; or permission of the Department
This is an advanced research course on the media-based control of information and dissemination of ideologies in modern society. It examines issues of ownership and control of the media and the social construction of news, and current theoretical debates in media analysis. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

SOCI 3541 (3.00)
Population and Society
Prereq: SOCI 1001, and 6 credits from 2000 level Sociology; or permission of the Department
This course examines population dynamics and social change within nations and globally. Students study national population trends and policy debates as these relate to global population issues. Topics include Canadian and global patterns of population growth; fertility; family planning; famine, disease, and mortality; social security and aging; international migration; and ethnic composition. Social inequality, environmental limits and food supply, and principles of social justice inform a critique of population trends in the evolving world system of regions and nations. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

SOCI 3551 (3.00)
Citizenship, Identity & Difference
Prereq: Take SOCI-1001 and 6 credits from 2000 level Sociology or permission of the Department
This course explores identity and difference in relation to national and post-national forms of citizenship. Students examine contemporary discourses of Canadian identity, immigration, diversity, multiculturalism, and belonging. The course considers what it means to be a citizen, ideas of home, access to rights for dominant and subordinate groups, the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion in the nation and globally, and struggles for recognition among ethnic minority groups. The course also analyzes social inequalities in citizenship practice, the renegotiation of citizenship rights, and the emergence of new forms of citizenship in Canada and globally. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

SOCI 3711 (3.00)
Comparative Social Policy
Prereq: SOCI 1001, and 6 credits from 2000 level Sociology; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: SOCI 3991 Comparative Social Policy
This course provides students with a comparative perspective on social welfare policies in Canada and other industrialized nations. Students examine the various ways that countries conceptualize and organize social welfare policies, especially those that have an impact on poverty, child and family well-being, and gender equality. The course emphasizes change, culture, polity, and economic forces as important factors in shaping social policies throughout the world and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of a variety of empirical and theoretical models. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is normally offered only through Correspondence.]

SOCI 4501 (3.00)
Political Sociology
Prereq: 6 credits from SOCI 3001, 3011, 3301, 3311; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: SOCI 3501
This course examines the sociological practices that lead to political authority, structures of control, and relations of power that guide and influence social life. Starting from theoretical perspectives in political sociology, this course explores domestic and international examples of social and political practices that help sustain existing conditions while at the same time providing opportunities to transform society. Understanding agency and structure as elements of political action and participation, both in large group and communal settings and small-scale and individual actions, this course explores the multi-dimensional aspects of power and control in our society. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

SOCI 4511 (3.00)
Social Movements
Prereq: 6 credits from SOCI 3001, 3011, 3301, 3311; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: any version of SOCI 4511 previously offered with a different title
This course examines movements that seek change in the social and political structure of society. It surveys the major principles and perspectives used by sociologists to explain social movements and revolutions. It examines the origins, strategies, recruitment, consequences, decline, and renewal of various social movements and revolutions. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

SOCI 4551 (3.00)
Refugee Studies
Prereq: 6 credits from SOCI 3001, 3011, 3301, 3311; or permission of the Department
This course explores selected topics of the contemporary global refugee crisis and the role of Canada and international agencies in humanitarian assistance, resettlement, and return. The course addresses sociological analyses of the relationship between emergency responses and sustainable solutions to internal displacement and refugee flight. It considers, with respect to national and international refugee policies, socially significant differences among refugees according to gender, age, ethnicity, social class, country, and region of origin. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

SOCI 4561 (3.00)
Globalization and Transnationalism
Prereq: 6 credits from SOCI 3001, 3011, 3301, 3311; or permission of the Department
This course examines selected topics of contemporary globalization in relation to transnational processes and forms. It analyzes transnational forms and practices of migration, migrant organization, community, identity, and belonging in relation to contemporary globalization. The course considers implications of interrelated global flows of people, culture, goods, and capital for social relations, social structure, and social change. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours).