International Relations: Finding & Evaluating Substantive Information
The general sources for contemporary Canadian goverment and politics covered in the main portion of this guide should also be used for this topic. The following are more specialized sources or sources from the field of international relations which will provide additional information.
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Finding Sources
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Core Journals:
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The following are key academic journals in Canadian international relations and selected others, professional magazines and journals that will also be useful for research on contemporary Canadian foreign policy, diplomacy, international development and related issues. These should be consulted in addition to the list of core journals in the main Part 4 of this guide.
Canadian Foreign Policy. Ottawa: Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, 1993 - . 3/year. ISSN: 1192-6422. All issues available online to subscribers at http://www.carleton.ca/cfpj/index.html.
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Description: A core journal: This peer-reviewed journal provides analysis of contemporary issues related to Canadian foreign policy such as trade, economics, politics, security, defence, development, environment, immigration, and intelligence.
Includes: Policy-oriented research articles, commentaries and book reviews.
Indexed in: CBCA Reference, Canadian Periodical Index, etc.
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Canadian Journal of Development Studies. Ottawa: Canadian Association for the Study of International Development and the University of Ottawa, 1980 - . Quarterly. ISSN (print): 0225-5189.
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Description: A peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, bilingual (English and French) journal on international development planning and policy.
Includes: Theoretical analyses, research findings, case studies, review essays and book reviews.
Indexed in: Canadian Periodical Index, America History & Life, Historical Abstracts, International Political Science Abstracts, ABC Pol Sci, Worldwide Political Science Abstracts, Social Science Citation Index, Sociological Abstracts, PAIS International, etc.
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Études internationales. Quebec: Institut québécois des hautes études internationales, 1970 - . Quarterly. ISSN: 0014-2123.
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Description: A French-language, multi-disciplinary, academic journal on international relations. Topics covered include reviews of Québec's and Canada's international policies as well as broader social science issues with international aspects in political science, economics, law, history, etc.
Includes: Analytical articles, book reviews.
Indexed in: ABC Pol Sci, America History and Life, Historical Abstracts, PAIS, Canadian Periodical Index, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Point de repère.
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International Journal. Toronto: Canadian Insitute of International Affairs, 1946 - . Quarterly. ISSN: 0020-7020.
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Description: The major Canadian peer-reviewed journal on post 1945 international relations. Articles cover Canadian foreign and defence policies as well as broader issues in international relations.
Includes: Scholarly articles and commentary.
Indexed in: Canadian Periodical Index, CBCA Reference, Political Science Abstracts, ABC po sci, America History & Life, Historical Abstracts, Social Science Citation Index, ingenta, etc.
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Other Useful Journals and Magazines:
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Behind the Headlines. Canadian Institute of International Affairs.
Bout de papier: Canada's Magazine of Diplomacy and Foreign Service. Official publication of the Professional Association of Foreign Service Officers.
Canada World View. DFAIT magazine 1998-2006. All issues archived at the DFAIT site.
Canadian Army Journal. Department of National Defence.
Canadian Military History. Laurier Centre from Military & Strategic & Disarmament Studies.
Canadian Military Journal. Official professional journal of the Canadian Forces and the Department of National Defence.
Commentary. Canadian Security Intelligence Service.
External Affairs. DFAIT journal 1948-1971, then became International Perspectives, now Peacekeeping & International Relations by Can. Institute of Strategic Studies.
Global Agenda: Canada's Foreign Policy and the Environment. External Affairs and International Trade Canada.
Journal of Military & Strategic Studies. Canadian Defence & Foreign Affairs Institute and Centre for Military & Strategic Studies, U. of Calgary.
McGill International Review. McGill University.
NATO Review. NATO's flagship magazine.
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Indexes:
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Indexes useful for finding articles on contemporary Canadian government and politics in general are listed in Part 4 of the main section of this guide and should be consulted in addition to these, more specialized indexes on international relations:
Canadian Foreign Relations Index (CFRI). Canadian Institute of International Affairs.
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Description: A compilation and continuation of the CIIA's 6-volume: A Bibliography of Works on Canadian Foreign Relations containing over 49,000 Canadian and foreign works on Canada's foreign relations, defence, economic relations, foreign aid, international law, and international environmental issues.
Coverage: 1945 - . Citations (no abstracts) to journal articles, books, theses, research papers, chapters from edited works, conference proceedings, unpublished papers, selected government documents, statements, news releases and treaties in French and English.
Tips: Search interface available in English and French.
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Columbia International Affairs Online (CIAO). Columbia University and Columbia University Press. |
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Description: A full-text database of theory and research on international affairs.
Coverage: 1991 - . Includes working and occasional papers from universities, research institutes and NGOs, conference proceedings, some electronic books published by Columbia U. Press, journal article abstracts, policy briefs, case studies and more.
Tips: Provides a monthly email update service.
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Peace Research Abstracts Journal. Peace Research Institute. (Formerly Canadian Peace Research Institute.)
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Description: Bimonthly abstracting journal provides citations and abstracts of works in peace and conflict studies and related fields.
Coverage: 1964 - . Descriptive summaries of international books, journal articles, research reports and government documents on many topics such as foreign policy, international law, international relations, disarmament, environmental issues, military policy, etc.
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Books and other Academic Work:
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Books, Theses, Conference Papers, etc.
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Useful LC Subject Headings: (Name of province can be substituted for Canada)
- Canada foreign relations
- Canada foreign relations 1945 -
- Canada foreign relations [name of other country]
- international relations
- Canada foreign economic relations [name of other country]
- Canada commercial policy
- economic assistance, Canadian
- Canada military policy
- free trade Canada
- foreign trade regulation Canada
- national security Canada
- Canada defenses
(NOTE: Library of Congress subject headings use American spelling, e.g. defense with an 's')
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Besides the papers published from the Canadian Political Science Association conferences, universities, research institutes and others periodically organize conferences from which the presentations are published. To find these, search your library catalogue or AMICUS with the appropriate subject heading and the sub-heading "congresses". Given the variety of headings and sub-headings, to ensure retrieval of as many relevant hits as possible, try a keyword search in the subject field: (e.g. Canada and foreign relations and congresses in the subject field).
Canadian government departments and agencies, Royal Commissions and other fact-finding task forces at times sponsor conferences from which the proceedings or summaries are available. For example:
Canada in the Global Economy: Proceedings of a Conference held by the Bank of Canada, Nov. 2004. Ottawa: Bank of Canada, 2005. 537 p. or
An Agenda for Mine Action: A Global Ban on Landmines, Ottawa, Canada, December 2-4, 1997. Ottawa: Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada, 1997, 1 vol.
The many international summits and meetings of high-level officials on international issues that take place each year rarely provide any published proceedings or research material. The bulk of the information surrounding these meetings will be press releases announcing the meeting, sometimes backgrounders on the key topics under discussion, and occasionally a statement of agreement on an issue or other brief media reports. Some examples of these in which Canada is involved: Francophonie summits, NATO summits, G7 & G8 Summits, World Trade Organization Ministerial Conferences, Summit of the Americas, APEC Economic Leaders Meetings, Annual Conference of the New England Governors and the Eastern Canadian Premiers, and the recent Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America.
Many excellent theses have been written in Canadian universities on topics relating to Canadian foreign relations. Search AMICUS for these; the National Library maintains a collection of every M.A. and PhD thesis written at Canadian universities. Request an inter-library loan at your library.
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Current Events / News:
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Embassy: Canada's Foreign Policy Newsweekly. Hill Times Publishing Inc. Weekly. Print and online: 2004 - . http://www.embassymag.ca. Provides news on international affairs from a Canadian point of view, and on the diplomatic community in Ottawa.
Spotlight on Military News. Canadian Forces College, Department of National Defence. http://www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/spotnews_e.html. Provides daily links to selected news stories on military issues from many sources. Articles organized into 4 types: Canadian news, Canadian commentary, international news and international commentary. This can be received as an RSS feed. Articles archived from 2006 on.
See also the web sites of the government departments, advocacy groups and research organizations involved with foreign affairs, international trade, foreign aid, security issues, etc. (selected ones listed below) and look for "What's New", press releases, media rooms, newsletters, events calendars, and contact information. You may also be able to subscribe to an e-mailed version of their newsletters or press releases. (See Part 5: Primary Sources -- What's Happening Now for more details and examples.)
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Government Information:
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There are several government departments and agencies involved in Canada's international relations. Key for foreign policy, defence, national security, foreign aid and international trade are the following:
Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada is the main department responsible for Canada's foreign policy and international trade arrangements.
See History of Departments, 1867 to Date: Foreign Affairs for name and organizational changes over the years.
Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). Established in 1968 to administer Canada's official development assistance program.
Department of National Defence is responsible for the Canadian Forces and all matters relating to national defence.
Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS). The official intelligence-gathering and analysis agency of the federal government, CSIS advises the federal government on threats to national security.
International Development Research Centre (IDRC). A Crown corporation that funds and publishes research on sustainable development issues.
Canada is a member of numerous international government organizations (e.g. UN, OECD, NATO, OAS, G8, WTO, etc.). The publications of these organizations can be very valuable research material for certain topics in Canadian foreign relations.
A select list of international organizations in which Canada participates:
http://geo.international.gc.ca/cip-pic/library/int-orgs-en.aspx
The provinces and territories have some international relations (e.g. Quebec and New Brunswick as part of the Francophonie), through regional meetings such as the New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers, trade missions, etc. They each have a Ministry of Intergovernmental Affairs which deal mainly with interprovincial issues, but may also play minor roles in international affairs, mostly trade-related.
List of Provincial and Territorial Ministries of Intergovernmental Affairs/Relations:
http://www.scics.gc.ca/govts_e.html
Quebec is the only province with a Ministry of International Relations: Ministère des Relations internationales: http://www.mri.gouv.qc.ca
Besides their annual report to Parliament, budget priorities, Estimates, and other reports on their operations, many of these government bodies have published research reports and other useful documents. Some of the most recent ones published will be available on their web sites. Check your library catalogue, AMICUS, or a large research library for these and earlier documents. Library and Archives Canada also have archival collections of the records created by federal departments.
Briefs to Committees: One of the important ways in which government agencies, as well as research organizations, advocacy, and interest groups advise and lobby government is to submit briefs to Senate and House of Commons committees, advising them on the impact of proposed legislation, or of their views on issues under study. These briefs or reports may be found as publications by authoring group, or as part of the "Evidence" of parliamentary committees.
See Selected Primary Sources -- What was Written for more details and examples of these and other government documents and their finding aids.
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Political Party Information:
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Besides statements made to the press, or in Parliament, or briefs submitted to committees, political parties generally include statements on their foreign policy ideas in their platform or principles documents. Parties may also form task forces or special committees to consider their foreign policy. See the sources listed in the main part of this guide for finding news items, Parliamentary information, party platforms, etc. Some separately published documents are also available in libraries and political party archives.
See Selected Primary Sources for selected examples.
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Research Organizations:
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There are a great many research institutes and other organizations that publish research on topics in international relations involving Canada in general, or which focus on Canada's relations with specific regions or on one specific aspect of foreign relations. Many textbooks and related web sites provide lists of these.
IGLOO Network. http://www.igloo.org (sponsored by CIGI, Ontario Government & RIM)
A free online network of over 300 research institutions working on global issues. The online library contains over 10,000 of their research papers, scholarly articles, briefings and reports. A great resource. Members have access to more features.
The following are selected major Canadian organizations that publish research on Canadian foreign policy, international trade issues, foreign aid, defence and military policy:
Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives. http://www.policyalternatives.ca
An independent, nonpartisan research institute founded in 1980, the CCPA publishes articles, backgrounders, policy briefs, research studies, etc. on many public policy issues including international trade, military spending, etc. Some examples:
How the GATS Undermines the Right ot Regulate: Lessons From the US-Gambling Case. By Ellen Gould, 2005. 15 p.
More Than the Cold War: Canada's Military Spending 2007-08. By Steven Staples and Bill Robinson, 2007. 10 p.
Whose Canada? Continental Integration, Fortress North America, and the Corporate Agenda. By Ricardo Grinspun and Yasmine Shamsie, 2007. 592 p.
Canadian Institute of International Affairs. http://www.ciia.org (To be joined with CIGI and the Munk Centre to form Canadian International Council in late 2007.)
Founded in 1928, CIIA is a nonprofit organization dedicated to educating the public on foreign policy and global issues. It organizes conferences, seminars, speaker series and publishes several key publications. Its best known are the Canada in World Affairs series from 1941-1985, A Bibliography of Works on Canadian Foreign Relations (now the Canadian Foreign Relations Index), International Journal, Behind the Headlines, and hundreds of research reports and books.
Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies (CISS). http://www.ciss.ca
This independent, nonprofit research organization since 1976 publishes lectures, proceedings of seminars, commentary, analytical papers and books on defence and security issues affecting Canada. For example:
New NATO, New Century: Canada, the United States, and the Future of the Atlantic Alliance. Ed. by David Haglund. Published with Queen's University, Centre for International Relations, 2000. 248 p.
Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI). http://www.cigionline.org (To be joined with CIIA and the Munk Centre to form the Canadian International Council in late 2007.)
A Canadian-based international research institution founded in 2002 to study multilateral governance issues. Their work includes studies on Canadian foreign policy issues and the broader international situation, peacekeeping, globalization, international trade, etc. often co-published with partners. CIGI holds conferences and manages the IGLOO Network, an online resource for researchers working on issues in international relations. Their publications include books, policy briefs, working and technical papers, conference and research reports such as:
The Asian Economic Revolution and Canadian Trade Policy. By John Walley, 2006.
Canada's Economic Interests in the Middle East. By Bessma Momani and Agata Antkiewicz, 2007.
Tests of Global Governance: Canadian Diplomacy and United Nations World Conferences. By Andrew Cooper, 2004. 298 p.
Centre for Trade Policy and Law (CTPL). http://www.carleton.ca/ctpl
A nonprofit think tank involved in training, research and advisory services in international trade-related issues since 1989, CTPL's publications include articles, research reports, books, occasional papers, etc. Some examples:
Fifty Years of Canadian Tradecraft: Canada at the GATT 1947-1997. By Michael Hart, 1998. 260 p.
A Garbage Can Model of Multilateral Negotiation: Creating the Inter-American Democratic Charter. Occational Paper no. 59. By Brian Tomlin, 2007. 22p.
Institute for Research on Public Policy (IRPP). http://www.irpp.org
Established in 1972, this national, independent, nonprofit research organization's aim is to imporove public policy in Canada through research. One of its major research themes is "Canada and the World". Some examples of their research papers on this topic:
Canada and Military Coalistions: Where, How and with Whom?. By Douglas Bland, 2002. 52 p.
Geopolitical Integrity. Edited by Hugh Segal, 2005. 336 p.
A National Security Framework for Canada. By W. D Macnamara and Ann Fitz-Gerald, 2002. 28 p.
Norman Paterson School of International Affairs. Carleton University. http://www.carleton.ca/npsia/
Provides a graduate program in international affairs, supports several research centres and publishes Canada Among Nations, Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, and many other publications by its faculty and graduate students.
North-South Institute. http://www.nsi-ins.ca
Established in 1976, NSI is Canada's first independent, nonprofit, non-governmental research institute focused on international development. It publishes research on Canada's relations with developing countries and on related foreign policy issues. Some examples:
AIDS, Development and Canadian Policy: Achieving Universal Access by 2010. By Paul Thomas and John W. Foster, 2007. 48 p.
Human Security, Sustainable and Equitable Development: Foundations for Canada's International Policy. By Roy Culpepper et. al. 2004. 37 p.
key Issues for Canada's Foreign Policy: Canada and the Developing World. By Ann Weston, 1994. 56 p.
World Food and the Canadian "Breadbasket". 1978, 68 p.
Queen's Centre for International Relations. http://www.queensu.ca/cir
Established in 1975, this Centre of Excellence has research and publication as its primary role. It organizes conferences, workshops and seminars and publishes books, occasional papers and a book series on national security, defence and other aspects of international relations. Some examples:
The Arms Control Experience Re-examined: Arms Control in Theory and Practice 1958-1981. By Robin Ranger, 1981. 76 p.
Canada in NORAD, 1957-2007: A History. By Joseph T. Jockel, 2007. 250 p.
War with Iraq: Canada's Strategy in the Persian Gulf 1990-2002. By Sean Maloney, 2002. 78 p.
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Videos:
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Department of Foreign Affairs & International Trade Interview Video Library. http://geo.international.gc.ca/cip-pic/library/netcasts-en.aspx.
A collection of over 130 video clips and audio podcasts of interviews with foreign policy thinkers.
National Film Board of Canada Catalogue. http://www.nfb.ca.
The NFB online catalogue can be searched by keyword or browsed by subject. To browse by subject, click on "Find a Film". Relevant "Subject Categories" include "War, Conflict & Peace", "National Security & Defence" or "Politics and Government -- Canada", then "International Relations".
See Part 5: Recorded Images for selected examples.
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Evaluating Sources
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Please refer to the main Part 4: Evaluating Information of this guide.
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