Contemporary Canadian Government & Politics:
A Practical Research Guide

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6. Special Topics
Introduction Aboriginal Peoples Federalism / Constitutional Issues Environmental Policy Government & Party Finance
Immigration Policy International Relations Provincial / Local Government & Politics Women in Politics

Provincial/Local Government & Politics: Selected Primary Sources and their Finding Aids

Provincial/Local — Introduction Provincial/Local — Clarifying Provincial/Local — Bibliographies Provincial/Local — Finding & Evaluating

Archives are the major collectors of primary source materials. While the Library and Archives Canada have many materials useful for the study of provincial and local government, the equivalent official provincial, territorial and municipal archives will most often be the best sources. There are also other special archival collections in museums, universities and other institutions that may include material on your topic. To find the archival collections that are most likely to be useful for your research, check the web site of the relevant official archive for your jurisdiction, search their collections or contact their reference staff. The combined holdings of archives across Canada and their digitized collections can also be searched online:

Provincial and Territorial Archives. Links to each of the official provincial and territorial archives in Canada.

Archives Canada Gateway. From this site you can access the provincial archival networks for each province, which each link to the major archival collections in their province, including city archives and municipal government collections. From this site you can also search the combined holdings of archives across the country and their digital collections.

Archives are not the only places to find primary source material. The following are examples of the kinds of primary sources available for the study of contemporary provincial/territorial and local government and politics in Canada and their finding aids. They supplement the general sources listed in the main parts of this guide.

(See also the main Part 5: Primary Sources--Introduction for general tips on finding and using primary source material.)

Back to the Top What Was Written Personal Papers Recorded Images What Is Happening Now
What Was Said: (Quotations, speeches, interviews, hearings, in provincial legislatures, city councils, etc.)

Collected Works. Collections of individual politicians' speeches, interviews or quotations exist for some provincial politicians. Some examples:
Lucien Bouchard Mot à Mot. Compiled by Rémi Maillard. Quebec: Stanké, 1996. 384 p.
1,500 quotes from this Quebec Premier's press conferences, speeches, autobiography, radio and television transcripts, Hansard, newspapers and magazines, and other documents from the years 1957-1996 are listed in dictionary style, with each entry under a term for the topic of the quote.

The Newfoundland National Convention, 1946-1948. Ed. by M. F Harrington and James Hiller. 2 vols: Vol. 1: Debates, Vol. 2: Reports and Papers. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1995. 2,021 p.
Edited volumes of the debates that led to Newfoundland joining Canada.

Voices of Politics. http://www.abheritage.ca/abpolitics/voices.html
Part of "Alberta's Political History" web site, this is a collection of audio files from 1940 - 1996 of various Alberta politicians discussing provincial and local politics, the national energy program, etc.

See also Recorded Images for more interviews and speeches on film and video and Primary Sources - What Was Said in the main part of this guide for more general tips on finding collected works.

First Ministers' and Premiers' Conferences. http://www.scics.gc.ca
The Canadian Intergovernmental Conference Secretariat web site lists meetings from 1997 on, some with news releases reporting on what was discussed or agreements reached. Two publications provide more descriptive detail:
First Ministers' Conferences 1906-2004 and
Premiers' Conferences 1887-2002 and 2003 Addendum
These list the conferences that took place, the public agenda, if any, the Ministers or Premiers attending, number of delegates, title of communiqué issued, if any, and sometimes other brief notes on the conference. More detail may be reported in news sources or can be requested from the Secretariat.
Municipal Council and Committee Meeting Minutes.
Unlike federal and provincial Debates (Hansard) in Parliament and Legislative Assemblies, municipal Council meeting minutes are not usually a verbatim account of everything that was said, but a synopsis of topics discussed, reports received, by-laws introduced and passed, information received and votes taken. Some municipalities have video or audio files of the proceedings available online or at the clerk's office.
Many cities, towns and regional municipalities have years of archived Council minutes available online. For example:
Halifax Regional Municipality. 1996 - .
City of London, ON. 2000 - .
City of Saskatoon . 1991 - .
City of St. John's . 2001 - .
City of Toronto . 1998 - .
City of Vancouver. 1995 - .
City of Victoria. 1995 - .
City of Yellowknife. 1999 - .
Committee minutes can provide more detail of interest to researchers, and are also sometimes available online (e.g. City of Toronto site above).
Recent Council and committee minutes can be accessed by the public at the Clerk's Office in city or town halls. Older years may be found in libraries and archives.
Provincial Legislative Assembly Committee Meeting Proceedings. http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/compilations/ProvinceTerritory/Provincialterritoriallegislatures.aspx?Language=E
The provincial and territorial legislatures have a committee system like the federal Parliament's, with standing committees and special or select committees. To see the verbatim transcripts of proceedings in committee meetings, see the Legislative Assembly web site for each province/territory and select "Committees" or "Committee Proceedings" or "Proceedings". Most provinces and territories provide some access to these transcripts (at Dec. 2007 only New Brunswick, Manitoba and NWT did not) and years available vary. To see transcripts in print contact the Committee Clerk or Office of the Legislative Assembly, or a research or legislative library. Committee transcripts typically include the testimony of "witnesses", speakers called to provide expert opinion on the issues under study.
Provincial Legislative Assembly Debates (Hansard). http://www.canlii.org/en/index.html
Just as in the federal Parliament, the debates that take place in provincial and territorial legislatures are recorded verbatim. The official title varies, for example: Alberta Hansard, Debates of the Legislative Assembly in B.C., etc. Links to the Hansard in each province/territory are available from CanLII (Canadian Legal Information Institute), a nonprofit organization created by the Federation of Law Societies of Canada. Note that not all provinces provide online access to their Debates. For access to Debates in print, see the legislative libraries and research libraries in each province. (The publishing record from 1945 varies a great deal between provinces.) Hansard/Debates include the Throne Speech, budget debates, debates on bills, questions asked by MLAs and motions introduced by the government or MLAs.
Speeches, Statements, Press Releases by Premiers, provincial Ministers, Mayors, etc.
See the official provincial and municipal web sites for the text or online video of selected speeches and statements by Premiers, Ministers, and sometimes Mayors. Each provincial web site also has a section for news releases, where some statements may appear. Search library catalogues for years predating the material available on their web sites. See Clarifying - General Facts for links to official provincial and municipal web sites.
For tips on finding more speeches, interviews, quotations, etc. see Primary Sources - What Was Said in the main part of this guide.
Back to the Top What Was Said Personal Papers Recorded Images What Is Happening Now
What Was Written: (Political party publications, government publications)

Political Party Publications: (Campaign literature, special collections, etc.)

The major federal political parties also have branches in the provinces where they run for provincial election. There are also several parties that exist at the provincial level only. To find their most current documents, whether internal (constitution, policy resolutions, etc.) or public documents (election platforms, campaign material, etc.) see their web sites. You may also have to contact them or visit their headquarters to request access to some documents. Older materials may only be found by searching AMICUS: the National Library union catalogue, the larger libraries in each province, or in special collections and archives. The following are examples of provincial political party documents and their finding aids:

Provincial and Territorial Political Party Web Sites. By Elections Canada.
The Chief Electoral Officer's web site in each province and territory maintains the official list of registered political parties in their province/territory , with contact information and a link to their web sites. The Elections Canada site above links to each of these. (New and unregistered parties, those who do not intend to run for election or do not yet have the support or funds to do so may be listed in some of the many other, non-official collections of political party web sites on the Internet.)

To Search Library Catalogues:
Search by party name as "Author". Key individuals, party leaders, etc. may also have authored documents. The political party may also be catalogued as the publisher. Common subject headings for documents produced by political parties include:

[party name] -- platforms (e.g. Green Party of British Columbia -- platforms)
campaign literature -- [province]
campaign literature, [year] -- [party name]
platforms -- [party name]
political campaigns -- [province] -- [city]

Note that much of a party's platform or policies may only be accessible via the media -- policy statements published in newspapers, speeches taped on television or radio, etc. Use all resources required to find these different types of materials. See the: "What was Said", "Recorded Images", "News Sources" sections of this guide.

Some examples of political party documents and collections:

Alberta New Democrats fonds. 1944-1993. Provincial Archives of Alberta. Description.
Convention '72. Toronto: New Democratic Party of Ontario, 1972. 32 p.
The History of New Brunswick Provincial Election Campaigns and Platforms, 1866-1974: With Primary Source Documents on Microfiche. Calvin Woodward. Toronto: Micromedia, 1976. 89 p. +7 microfiche.
Liberal, Take a Closer Look: Platform of the Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador. St. John's, NL: The Party, 2003. 109 p. http://www.takeacloserlook.ca/Platform/Platform.pdf.
Municipal Campaigning. By Mike Cassidy. Toronto: Ontario NDP Municipal Committee. Rev. ed. 1985. 31 p.
Prairie Populist. Archives Society of Alberta. http://142.244.48.13/prairiepopulism/. A searchable collection of digitized primary sources including many political pamphlets from Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba.
Proposals for Property Tax and Municipal Finance Reform. Policy and Resolutions Committee, Task Force on Municipal Affairs, Toronto: Ontario NDP, 1980. 11 p.
Time-tables of Progress: Social Credit Government Manifesto for the 60's. Social Credit Party (BC) Campaign Committee, 1963. 16 p.


Government Publications: (Royal Commission reports, task force reports, government department and agency reports, policy papers, legislative documents, law and court reports)


Royal Commissions and Related Reports:

The reports of royal commissions and commissions of inquiry can be a treasure-trove of research materials. Some sample titles and finding aids:

British Columbia Royal Commission on Electoral Reform. Final Report in 6 vols., 1979.
Manitoba Royal Commission on Local Government Organization and Finance. Final Report: 1964.
Newfoundland and Labroador Royal Commission on Renewing and Strengthening Our Place in Canada. Final Report and 28 research papers, 2003.
New Brunswick Royal Commission on Finance and Municipal Taxation. Report: 1963.
Nova Scotia Royal Commission on Education, Public Services and Provincial Municipal Relations. Final Report in 4 vols., 1974.
Ontario Royal Commission on Metropolitan Toronto. Report in 2 vols, 1977. Dozens of background and technical reports, 1974-1977.
Saskatchewan Royal Commission on Government Administration. Report: 1965.
Finding Aids:
Provincial Royal Commissions and Commissions of Inquiry, 1867-1982: A Selective Bibliography. By Lise Maillet. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1986 254 p.
All provincial Royal Commissions and Commissions of Inquiry authorized by a Public Inquiries Act are listed, by province, with final and interim reports. Indexed by subject and Chair/Commissioner. No annotations.
Alberta Digital Royal Commissions. University of Alberta Libraries. http://royal.library.ualberta.ca/
This site provides online access to the reports, selected briefs, exhibits and testimony of the commissions listed in Royal Commissions and Commissions of Inquiry in the Province of Alberta, 1905-1976 by Christine Backhaus, Legislative Library, 1977. The site is searchable by keyword or you can find reports by browsing by title, place, commissioner, publisher or subject heading.
(British Columbia) Royal Commissions and Commissions of Inquiry Under the Public Inquiries Act in British Columbia, 1943-1980: A Checklist. By Judith Bennett. Victoria: Legislative Library, 1982. 37 p.
(Manitoba) Royal Commissions and Commissions of Inquiry Under the "Evidence Act" in Manitoba: A Checklist. By Marjorie Morley. Rev. ed. Winnipeg: Provincial Library, 1979. 17 p.
New Brunswick Commissions of Enquiry: The Early Years, 1784-1948. By Elizabeth Hamilton et al, University of New Brunswick. http://www.lib.unb.ca/Texts/NBHistory/Commissions/
This site provides online access to the digitized reports and some background documents of New Brunswick commissions from the province's beginning to 1948, plus one important one (the Byrne commission report) from 1963. Titles are listed in chronological order and the headers and abstracts of each document can be searched by title, name and subject.
Nova Scotia Royal Commissions and Commissions of Inquiry, 1849-1984: A Checklist. 3rd ed. Halifax: Legislative Library, 1984. 39 p.
(Ontario) Royal Commissions and Commissions of Inquiry for the Provinces of Upper Canada, Canada and Ontario, 1792-1991: A Checklist of Reports. By Dawna Petsche-Wark and Catherine Johnson. Toronto: Legislative Library, 1992. 174 p.
(Quebec) Commissions et comités gouvernementaux et parlementaires du Québec 1867-1986: Liste bibliographique annotée. by Virginie Jamet. Bibliothèque de l'Assemblée nationale, 1987. 186 p.
(Quebec) Rapports de comités, commissions et groupes de travail, 1987-1997: Liste Bibliographique. By Diane Chamberlan and Claude Lajoie. Bibliothèque de l'Assemblée nationale, 1998. 84 p.
(Saskatchewan) Guide to the Records of Royal and Special Commissions and Committees of Inquiry Appointed by the Province of Saskatchewan. Rev. to Dec. 31, 1968. Regina: Legislative Assembly Office, 1969. 103 p.
Saskatchewan Royal Commission and Committee Reports, 1945-1978. Regina: Saskatchewan Legislative Library, 1980.

Task Force Reports:

See the description of task force reports in Part 5: Selected Primary Sources in the main part of this guide. Note that special committees may also function as task forces. While task forces are struck to study all kinds of issues for which the government is responsible (e.g. education, housing, economic development, etc.) the following are some examples of task force reports on provincial and local government:

Alberta Government Deregulation: Back to Basics. Alberta Government Caucus Task Force on Deregulation. Edmonton, Government of Alberta, 1994. 54 p.
Alberta Task Force on Urbanization and the Future. Multiple reports and studies, 1971-1974.
Canada's Urban Strategy: A Blueprint for Action: Final Report. Ottawa: Prime Minister's Caucus Task Force on Urban Issues. Judy Sgro, Chair, 2002. 35 p.
Getting Montreal Moving Again: Report of the Task Force on the Revitalization of the Montreal Region. Montreal: the Task Force, 1996. 1 vol.
Greater Toronto: Report of the GTA Task Force. Toronto: the Task Force, 1996. 269 p.
New City, New Opportunities: Final Report of the Toronto Transition Team. 1997. 338 p. and Archival Reports and Information CD-ROM (background reports and studies.)
Nova Scotia Task Force on Local Government: Report to the Government of Nova Scotia. Halifax: the Task Force, 1992. 136 p.
Options 2000: A Framework for Municipal Review: Summary of Final Reports. Regina, SK: Task Force on Municipal Legislative Renewal, 2000. 90 p.
Report of the Task Force on Non-Incorporated Areas in New Brunswick. Fredericton: Government of New Brunswick, 1976. 104 p.
Task Force on the Restructuring of City Council: Final Report. Winnipeg, MB: City of Winnipeg, 1995. 1 vol.

Government Department and Agency Reports:

See Finding Government Information for links to provincial government web sites, their publications pages, catalogues, and tips for finding government publications in general. Selected key documents available from most provincial/territorial governments include several financial documents: budgets, fiscal updates, estimates (the government's financial plan), public accounts (audited financial statements of all departments, agencies and commissions), and Auditor General Reports). The latest versions of these will most often be found on the province's Finance Department and Auditor General's web sites, with earlier information in research libraries in the relevant province.

Most provincial government agencies, boards, commissions and departments or ministries also publish an annual report listing their activities, accomplishments and some financial information for the year. The latest of these are usually available on each individual department's web site under a "Publications" heading.

The Ministry responsible for Local Government in each province and territory publishes financial statistics and other information on its municipalities. (See Clarifying - General Facts & Figures for links to these Ministries.)

The Chief Electoral Office in each province publishes annual reports on elections and the financial contributions and expenses of registered political parties in the province. (See Clarifying - General Facts & Figures for links to Official Elections Sites.)

Research commissioned by or published by the provincial/territorial governments may take the form of Royal Commissions, Commissions of Inquiry, or task force reports (mentioned above), legislative committee reports (see Legislative Documents below), or reports by consultants and others. Some examples:

Canadian Election Reform: Dialogue on Issues and Effects. Toronto: Ontario Commission on Election Contributions and Expenses, 1982. 282 p.
Functional Economic Areas in Saskatchewan: A Framework for Municipal Restructuring. By Jack Stabler and Rose Olfert. Regina: Saskatchewan Municipal Affairs, Culture & Housing, 2000. 59 p.
The Report on Maritime Union: Commissioned by the Governments of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. By John Deutsch and Fred Drummie. Fredericton, NB: Maritime Union Study, 1970. 122 p.
Sea-to-Sky Corridor Travel Demand Study: Final Report. By TSi Consultants et. al. Victoria: B.C. Ministry of Transportation, 2002. 214 p.

Municipal Equivalents. Municipalities also publish annual reports, budget information, audited financial statements, and audit reports, planning related documents, issue papers, administrative reports, technical studies, statistical data, research and policy papers. See Clarifying - General Facts & Figures for links to Official Municipal government web sites for some of the latest. More will be available through municipal and research libraries and archives. Some examples of reports:
City of Edmonton: 2000 Citizen Satisfaction Survey. Banister Research & Consulting Inc., Edmonton: City of Edmonton, 2000. 104 p.
Parties and Power: An Analysis of Winnipeg City Council, 1919-1975. By J.E. Rea. Winnipeg: Committee of Review, City of Winnipeg Act, 1976. 165 p.
Powers of Canadian Cities: The Legal Framework. Background Report 2 of 3 for "Towards a New Relationship with Ontario and Canada", by the Chief Administsrator's Office, City of Toronto, 2000. http://www.city.toronto.on.ca/ourcity/citycharterrep1.pdf
Urbanisation: A Study of Urban Expansion in the Montreal Region. 2nd ed. Montreal: City Planning Dept., 1968. 118 p.

An example of a City Archive's collection of municipal government records:
Vancouver(B.C.) City Council and Office of the City Clerk Fonds -- 1886-2001. http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/ctyclerk/archives/webpubhtml/w_cc.htm

Other: Joint, Federal Government Documents on Provincial/Municipal Issues. Over the years there have been several federal government bodies assigned to examine municipal affairs or responsible for various aspects of municipal affairs, e.g. Cities Secretariat, advisory committees, Minister of State for Urban Affairs (appointed in 1971), Infrastructure Canada (to help finance water, sewer and transportation projects), etc. Joint bodies, such as federal/provincial Ministers' and Premiers' conferences, Western Premiers Conference, Council of Atlantic Premiers, Canadian Federation of Mayors and Municipalities, etc., have also published the occasional report of research interest. Some examples:
Adapting Infrastructure to Climate Change in Canada's Cities and Communities: A Literature Review. http://www.infrastructure.gc.ca/research-recherche/alt_formats/pdf/rs14_e.pdf. By Infrastructure Canada, 2006. 23 p.
Assessment of the Municipal Acts of the Provinces and Territories. http://www.fcm.ca/english/documents/assess.html. By Donald Lidstone for the Federation of Canadian Municipalities, 2004.
The Political and Administrative Structures of the Metropolitan Region of Toronto. By Andre Bernard et. al. Ottawa: Min. of State for Urban Affairs, 1975. 245 p.
Report on Atlantic/Maritime Interprovincial Co-operation Between 1950 and 1971. By Paul Evans. [Halifax]: Council of Maritime Premiers, 1985. 206 p.
The Urban Transport Problem in Canada, 1970-2000. By D.J. Reynolds for the Minister Responsible for Housing, Government of Canada. Ottawa: CMHC, 1971. 105 p.

See also "Policy Papers", "Legislative Documents", and "Law & Legislation and Court Reports" below.

Policy Papers:

See Policy Papers in the main Primary Sources section of this guide for tips on identifying and finding policy papers. (Note: Substitute the province or city name for "Canada" in the subject headings given.) Some examples of provincial/territorial and muncipal government policy papers:

Government of Alberta Strategic Business Plan 2007-10. 2007. 43 p.
Greater Opportunity: An Innovation Agenda for New Brunswick, 2002 - 2012. Frederiction, NB: Executive Council Office, 2002. 31,33 p.
An Industrial Policy Framework for Ontario. Toronto: Government of Ontario, 1992. 43 p.
One Citizen, One Vote: Green Paper on the Reform of the Electoral System. By Robert Burns. Quebec: Ministre d'Etat à la Réforme électorale et parlementaire, Government of Quebec, 1979. 116 p.
A Social Development Strategy for the City of Toronto. City of Toronto, 2001. 43 p.
White Paper on Municipal Reform. Charlottetown, PEI: Government Reform Office, 1993. 49 p.
Finding Aids:
Livres blancs et livres verts au Québec, 1964-1984. 3rd ed. By Gaston Deschênes. Quebec: Bibliothèque de l'Assemblée Nationale, 1981. 52 p.
Lists Quebec's white papers and green papers published in this period.

Legislative Assembly and Council Documents:

Committee Reports: Standing committees exist on important topics of ongoing concern in both provincial legislatures and municipal governments. These are independent of the related departments and include members of both the governing party and others. Special Committees are appointed to look into specific issues and are usually disbanded once they submit their report. Most committees prepare reports on issues under study, hearing testimony from experts and others from government staff and the public, to make recommendations to government. Their studies and reports can be very useful research material.

NOTE: Interest groups and government bodies may submit briefs to committees informing them of the impact of proposed legislation on their group or to lobby for particular changes. These briefs may be found as part of the committee minutes, on the group's or committee's web site, or in library catalogues by authoring body.

Other Legislative Documents: See "What was Said" (above) for details on Debates, Council minutes, and the minutes or proceedings of legislative and Council committees. See "Law & Legislation" (below) for bylaws and other legislation.

Finding Aids:
Journals. For provincial committee reports and other legislative papers (sessional papers), check the Journals (the official record of what goes on in the Legislative Assembly) for the time period relevant to your research.
Reference Guide to Alberta Government Committees, 1905-1980. By Karen Powell. Edmonton: Alberta Legislature Library, 1982. 159 p.
Saskatchewan Royal Commission and Committee Reports, 1945-1978. Regina: Saskatchewan Legislative Library, 1980.
Select Committees of the Assemblies of the Provinces of Upper Canada, Canada and Ontario, 1792 to 1991: A Checklist of Reports. Comp. and ed. by Richard Sage and Aileen Weir. Toronto: Ontario Legislative Library, 1992. 431 p.
Select Committees of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, 1867-1978: A Checklist of Reports. By Eleanor Barnes. Toronto: Legislative Library, 1983. 8 p.


Law & Legislation and Court Reports:

Municipal Bylaws.
Some towns, cities, villages, etc. have selected or a complete set of bylaws available on their web site. See Official Municipal Government Web Sites in the Clarifying -- Facts & Figures section of this guide for links to these. ACJNet also links to collections of municipal web sites for access to their bylaws. Most city sites will have bylaws under a heading like "City Hall". For example:
City of Toronto Bylaws. 1998 - .

Muncipal Codes. These are compilations of bylaws organized in some way, usually with a table of contents, index, etc., online versions being keyword searchable. For example:
City of Toronto Municipal Code
Canadian Municipal Codes by Municipal World Inc. (Available online: Brantford, Kitchener, Richmond Hill, Woodstock.)

Note: Print copies of bylaws are available to the public from the City Clerk's Office or equivalent. Older versions may only be available in libraries and/or archives.

Provincial/Territorial Acts (Statutes), Bills, Status of Bills, Regulations, Orders in Council, Official Gazettes.
Statutes are the published laws of the province. They are most often found on the province's Justice deptartment web site, along with their regulations, which are detailed rules on how a law is to be interpreted. NOTE: Provincial acts, such as the Municipal Act, Muncipal Elections Act, Planning Act, or variations on these titles and others more specific, prescribe the powers and form of local government in each province.
Bills are laws in the making: bills are proposed, studied and debated in legislatures before they can become law. Bills are generally found on the Legislative Assembly web sites for each province/territory along with a useful guide to where the bill stands in the process of becoming law, called "Status of Bills" or "Progress of Legislation", showing the readings that have passed, whether the bill has been sent to committee for review, etc.
Orders in Council are brief official directives from the Executive Council. They allow the government to make regulations, appoint members to boards and commissions, and make certain other decisions without requiring approval from the Legislative Assembly.
Gazettes are the official newspaper of the provincial and territorial governments. They record new acts and regulations, proposed regulations, some orders in council, and other statutory notices and decisions taken by government, election results, etc. All provinces and territories have an Official Gazette.
For more details on these sources in general see Law & Legislation - Primary Sources in the main part 5 of this guide.

Finding Aids:

ACJNet. (Access to Justice Network) by the Legal Resource Centre. http://www.acjnet.org/nacanadian/legislative.aspx
Links to the Legislative Assembly site for each province/territory, their courts, official gazettes, bills, status of bills, acts (statutes) and regulations, debates (Hansard), some orders in council and more, along with links to guides to help understand these sources.

CanLII. Canadian Legal Information Institute. http://www.canlii.org
This site by the Federation of Law Societies of Canada provides a search interface for and links to the acts and regulations, provincial courts, boards and tribunals, gazettes and status of legislation for each province/territory.

Queen's University Law Library. http://library.queensu.ca/law/CanadaTable.htm
The library has created an excellent collection of links in chart form: For each province/territory there are links to acts and regulations, bills and status of legislation, gazettes, debates, orders in council, the Legislative Assembly web site and the provincial courts.

NOTE: Not all of these sources are available online for all provinces and territories. Print versions can be found in research and legislative libraries and archives.

Provincial/Territorial Courts.
Case law decisions from various provincial and territorial courts, boards and tribunals are available on some of the courts' web sites. CanLII and the Queen's University Law Library Chart (above) link to all available online.

Provincial/Territorial Election-Related Legislation.
Each province's and territory's official Elections site has posted regulations for candidates and other election-related legislation.
See also:
Compendium of Election Administration in Canada. By Elections Canada. Updated annually.
Provides summaries and comparative analysis of all federal, provincial and territorial election legislation in Canada. Also has a summary of recent case law relating to election issues.
Back to the Top What Was Said What Was Written Recorded Images What Is Happening Now
Personal Papers:

Published

Charest, Jean. My Road to Québec. (French title: J'ai choisi le Québec.) Saint-Laurent: QC: Editions P. Tisseyre, 1998. 235 p.

Douglas, Tommy. The Making of a Socialist: The Recollections of T. C. Douglas. Ed. by Lewis H. Thomas. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1981. 400 p.
MacDonald, Donald C. The Happy Warrior: Political Memoirs. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1998. 381 p.
Phillips, Nathan. Mayor of all the People. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1967. 207 p.
Rae, Bob. From Protest to Power: Personal Reflections on a Life in Politics. Toronto: Viking, 1996. 304 p.
Sewell, John. Up Against City Hall. Toronto: J. Lewis & Samuel, 1972. 179 p.

Unpublished

WAC Bennett Fonds. Simon Fraser University Archives. Description: http://aabc.bc.ca/access/aabc/archbc/display/SFU-66

Louis J. Robichaud Fonds. Centre d'études acadiennes, Université de Moncton. Description: http://www.umoncton.ca/etudeacadiennes/centre/etatgen/etat500/p0573.html
Joseph R. Smallwood Papers. Centre for Newfoundland Studies, Queen Elizabeth II Library, Memorial University. Description: http://www.library.mun.ca/qeii/cns/archives/smallwood.php

To find more unpublished papers use the Archives Canada Gateway to search archives across Canada or to select the most appropriate archival collections in the province or locality relevant to your research topic. Provincial Archives collect the unpublished records of their governments, usually also including their Premiers'office-related and personal papers. See for example the Premiers' Papers Collection at the Provincial Archives of Alberta: http://www.cd.gov.ab.ca/preserving/PAA_2002/Accessing_the_Holdings/Premiers/premiers_index.asp.

City archives collect the records created by their municipal government and those created by city officials, and can contain some of their personal papers as well. Politicians may also donate some of their personal papers to other local archives, often university archives or other special collections.

See also the main Primary Sources section of this guide for other tips on finding archival material.

Back to the Top What Was Said What Was Written Personal Papers What Is Happening Now

Recorded Images (Film and video footage, photographs and cartoons):

Film, video footage:

See also the Provincial Archives and Archives Canada Gateway linked to in the introduction at the beginning of this section. Some provincial archives' web sites include searchable film/video collections or other finding aids. For example:

British Columbia Archives Moving Images Index. Can be searched by keyword, title, subject, etc. Subject headings include political conventions and rallies, politicians, political advertising, etc.
The Art of the Possible. Dir. by Peter Raymont. Montreal: National Film Board of Canada, 1978. 1 videocassette (57 min. 51 sec.)
A behind-the-scenes look at Ontario Premier Bill Davis and his Cabinet at work: in committee meetings, preparing the throne speech, tabling the provincial budget, etc.
Campaign: The Making of a Candidate: A Film. Dir. by Andrew Munger. Montreal: National Film Board of Canada, 2004. 1 videocassette (57 min. 11 sec.)
A documentary showing David Miller's campaign for mayor of Toronto.
CBC Archives: Politics & Economy. http://archives.cbc.ca/IDT-1-73-5/politics_economy/
Under this heading are many collections of CBC television and radio clips on individual politicians and political topics, including "On the Campaign Trail" documenting elections in each province and territory.
Joey Smallwood: Between Scoundrels and Saints. Dir. by Barbara Doran. Produced by Morag Productions Inc. and CBC. Montreal : National Film Board of Canada, 1999. 1 videocassette (43 min. 53 sec.)
A documentary of the man who led Newfoundland into Confederation and remained in power for over 20 years, it includes archival footage, readings from his journals and interviews.
Local and Provincial Governments -- Working Together. Dir. by Jane Churchill, Produced by NFB with Multiculturalism and Citizenship Canada, Secretary of State Canada and the National Capital Commission. Government in Canada - Citizenship in Action Series, vol. 4. Montreal : National Film Board of Canada, 1990. 1 videocassette (37 min. 4 sec.)
This video shows the relationship between all levels of government and how they deal with funding and issues crossing jurisdictional boundaries. A case study shows how individuals can influence local government decisions.
On the Campaign Trail: From Coast to Coast. http://archives.cbc.ca/IDT-1-73-5/politics_economy/elections/.
Radio and television clips document election campaigns over many years in each of the provinces and territories.
Tommy Douglas: In His Own Words. Produced and directed by Leif Storm. Toronto, ON: Kinetic Canada, 2001. 47 min. VHS.
A video documentary of this 4-time premier who introduced Medicare to Canada, combining personal interviews and some of his speeches.

Photographs and Cartoons:

Photographs:

See the main Part 5: Primary Sources--Recorded Images--Photographs for the major sources, such as Images Canada, for finding photographs.

See also the Provincial Archives and Archives Canada Gateway linked to in the introduction at the beginning of this section. Some provincial archives' web sites include searchable photograph collections or other finding aids. For example:
British Columbia Archives Visual Records Database. Can be searched by keyword, subject, region, etc.
Cartoons:
Bill Bennet: The End. By Marjorie Nichols and Bob Krieger. Vancouver, BC: Douglas & McIntyre, 1986. 108 p.
Five Twisted Years: British Columbia: What Really Happened: Editorial Cartoons. By Adrian Raeside. Victoria, BC: Sono Nis Press, 1991. 200 p.
Politics & Lunatics. By Kevin Tobin. St. John's, NF: Jesperson Pub., 2000. 101 p.
Say Goodnight, Dick: A Collection of Hatfield Cartoons. By Beutel. Fredericton, NB: Non-Entity Press, 1985. 84 p.
See the main Part 5: Primary Sources--Recorded Images for tips on finding more photographs, political cartoons, etc.
Back to the Top What Was Said What Was Written Personal Papers Recorded Images

What Is Happening Now (in political parties and government, contacting people, getting involved):
Besides all the generic tips and tools to keep up to date with political party and government information, to find contact information Clarifying -- General Facts and to get involved What's Happening Now (covered in the main part of this guide), the following are selected sources specific to local and provincial politics and government:
Political Parties:

Information on what is going on in provincial political parties (upcoming conventions, riding or constituency association events, and during elections, candidates' and leaders'campaign schedules, etc.) and how to get involved is best obtained directly from the party web site or your local provincial riding association. Political party web sites usually have the top news stories related to the party, news releases, podcasts, RSS feeds, electronic newsletters to which you can subscribe, etc. Some also have links to their candidates' or party members' web sites, blogs and facebook pages. There are also suggestions for how to join, donate, volunteer, etc. Use the following list for contact information for provincial parties and their constituency associations, including links to web sites where available.
Note: Municipal government is not based on a party system. Individual candidates for municipal government positions may create web sites to get themselves and their views known while campaigning.

Registered Provincial Political Parties.
See your Provincial/Territorial Chief Electoral Office web site for links to all registered parties in your province or territory. (Scroll down this Elections Canada page to "Contact Information for Provincial and Territorial Election Officials".) Note: Nunavut and Northwest Territories candidates run as independents; there are no political parties in their legislatures.

Links by party:
Provincial Green Parties. http://www.greenparty.ca/en/contact/provincialgreens
Provincial NDP Sections. http://ndpnbeng.myeasyupdater.com/page_1160501254250.html

Riding Associations.
These are volunteer organizations working for political parties, handling their ongoing party affairs, such as collecting contributions and supporting candidates. Each association must file an annual financial statement to the provincial Chief Electoral Officer as federal riding associations do to Elections Canada. Many have their own web sites with local news and events, and information on how to get involved, sometimes with advice for potential and current candidates. Associations and their contact information should be listed on the provincial party web sites or can be obtained from them.
Government:

For links to provincial and municipal government and related News Sources see Finding & Evaluating -- Current Events/News. For information on how to get involved, see the web sites of key government departments and agencies which will have information on the latest events, consultations, hearings, Council meetings, etc., and instructions or advice for participants. For example:

Municipalities.
A recent Supreme Court ruling (June 21, 2007) reinforced the requirement for City Council meetings to be open to the public, with very few exceptions such as where personnel issues are discussed. Cities, villages, towns and other municipal web sites and Clerk's Offices provide access to the schedule and agendas for upcoming Council meetings so the public can attend.

Municipalities are required to give notice to the public of intent to pass bylaws. The type of notice varies but may include posting to the city's web site (e.g. City of Toronto). Ask at your City/Town Hall or equivalent for details.

Besides running for election, members of the public can also seek appointment as a citizen member of a board, commission or committee. Most municipalities place ads in local newspapers or on their web sites inviting applications from citizens.

Sample Guides for Citizen Participation:
The Citizen's Handbook: A Guide to Building Community. By Charles Dobson and the Vancouver Citizen's Committee. http://www.vcn.bc.ca/citizens-handbook/.
How to Participate in City Processes: A Guide for the Public. By the City of Vancouver. http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/commsvcs/planning/pubinvolveguide/index.htm.

Sample Guides for Municipal Elections:
Candidate's guide to Municipal Elections. By Nova Scotia Dept. of Municipal Affairs, 2005. 24 p. http://www.gov.ns.ca/snsmr/muns/manuals/pdf/candidates_guide.pdf
Ontario Municipal Elections Guide. By Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs. http://www.mah.gov.on.ca/Page219.aspx

Sample Guides for Elected Officials:
Local Government Resource Handbook. By Service Nova Scotia and Municipal Relations. http://www.gov.ns.ca/snsmr/muns/manuals/lgrh.asp
Municipal Council Member's Handbook. By Saskatchewan Ministry of Municipal Affairs, 2007. 19 p. http://www.municipal.gov.sk.ca/publications/pdf/munadvisory/guides/muncouncilmemberhandbook.pdf
The Municipal Councillor's Guide. By Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs, 2007. 69 p. http://www.mah.gov.on.ca/Page5030.aspx

See links to Official Municipal Government Web Sites in the Clarifying -- General Facts section of this guide.

Provincial/Territorial Courts.
The provincial courts and appeal courts are open to the public during regular sittings. Anyone can visit and observe. The official web sites for each province's and territory's courts also provide advice or information kits for people to help prepare for their day in court. (See links to all courts via ACJNet, CanLII, and Queen's University Law Library under "Law & Legislation" above.)
Provincial/Territorial Elections Offices. http://www.elections.ca/content.asp?section=lin&dir=ceo&document=index&lang=e&anchor=nf&textonly=false#nf.
These provincial/territorial equivalents of Elections Canada are the official and best sites to check for any election-related information including upcoming elections, by-elections, plebiscites, referenda, etc. and the rules, instructions, forms, and details for voters, candidates, their financial advisors and other participants. Information on municipal elections is also frequently provided.
Provincial/Territorial Legislative Assemblies. http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/compilations/ProvinceTerritory/Provincialterritoriallegislatures.aspx?Language=E.
Debates and most committee proceedings in legislative assemblies are open to the public and in some cases broadcast live on television or on the Internet. The legislature's calendar of sitting days, agendas (sometimes called "Orders and Notices" or "Orders of the Day"), committee meeting schedules and committee hearings are all posted on the official provincial/territorial legislature web sites.

All of the legislative assemblies either have published guides to how they work or have details available on their web site. For example:
The Citizen's Guide to the Alberta Legislature. 6th ed. 2007. 129 p. http://www.assembly.ab.ca/pub/gdbook/CitizensGuide.pdf
The Nova Scotia Legislature: An Overview of its Procedures and Practices. By Arthur Fordham. http://www.gov.ns.ca/legislature/HOUSE_OF_ASSEMBLY/NS_Legislative_Procedures.pdf
Rules of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut. http://www.assembly.nu.ca/public_docs/rules_english.pdf

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