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Definitions
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Figuring it Out: A Feminist Activist's (Annotated) Guide to Political Terminology. By Nancy Peckford. Information Sheets: 4. Created for the National Association of Women and the Law, for the National Roundtable on Women and Politics 2003. Ottawa, March 22-23, 2003. 5 p. http://www.nawl.ca/ns/en/documents/InfoSheet4-Terminology.pdf
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Explains key political terms in the Canadian context and their significance to women in politics.
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Still Counting: Women in Politics Across Canada. By Linda Trimble and Jane Arscott. Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press, 2003. 210 p.
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See the glossary on p.181-185. Includes terms like "Flora syndrome", "Deb effect", etc. (Note: The glossary is not available on the book's web site.)
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Facts & Figures
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General:
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Global Database of Quotas for Women. International IDEA and Stockholm University. http://www.quotaproject.org/
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This website by the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance and Stockholm University shows different types of electoral quotas used in Canada and over 90 other countries to increase women's political representation.
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Still Counting: Women in Politics Across Canada. By Linda Trimble and Jane Arscott. Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press, 2003. 210 p.
http://stillcounting.athabascau.ca
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Appendices 1 & 2 show tables of women legislators and senators, years served, their party and jurisdiction, from 1916-1985. These and other tables from the book are updated on the web site.
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Women Candidates in General Elections: 1921 to Date. By the Information and Documentation Branch, Library of Parliament.
http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/process/house/asp/WomenElect.asp?lang=E&Hist=N&source=hoc
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This table shows the number of women candidates by party affiliation, the number and percentage elected. Click on the numbers under the candidates elected columns to connect to the list of names with brief biographical information on their political experience, etc.
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Women — Federal Political Representation: 1867 to Date. By the Information and Documentation Branch, Library of Parliament.
http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/compilations/parliament/WomenRepresentation.aspx
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Lists the total number of women in Senate and the House of Commons since 1867, by party affiliation.
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Women in the Provincial and Territorial Legislatures. By the Information and Documentation Branch, Library of Parliament.
http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/compilations/ProvinceTerritory/Women.aspx?Language=E"
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This historical list (1917 to the present) shows the names of women serving, with their political affiliation, constituency, portfolios, and dates in office. (List can be limited to current members only.)
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Women — Party Standings in the House of Commons and the Senate, 1974 to Date. By the Information and Documentation Branch, Library of Parliament.
http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/lists/PartyStandingsHistoric.aspx?Section=b571082f-7b2d-4d6a-b30a-b6025a9cbb98
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Each table shows the percentage of seats occupied by women, and the number from each party, in the Senate and House of Commons (select by clicking the down arrow).
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Dates:
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Canadian Women in History: A Chronology. 2nd ed. By Moira Armour and Pat Staton. Toronto: Green Dragon Press, 1992. 176 p.
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This is a chronological listing of events in Canadian women's history from 1007 - 1990. Political items are coded "PO".
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Milestones in Canadian Women's History. By PAR-L. http://www.unb.ca/par-l/milestones.htm
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This chronology of major events, including many political, covers the 1960's to the present.
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Relating to Law: A Chronology of Women and Law in Canada. Ed. by Brettel Dawson. North York, ON: Captus Press, 1990. 130 p.
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This book provides a chronology, with analysis, of the significant events in the legal position and struggles of Canadian women from the 1700's to the 1990's.
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Women's Right to Vote in Canada. By the Information & Documentation Branch, Library of Parliament. http://www.parl.gc.ca/
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Click on "About Parliament", then "A-Z Index", then select "Women" and "Women's Right to Vote" for a list of the dates and statute citations for the Canadian federal and provincial/territorial laws enacting the right to vote for women.
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People:
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Almanac of Women and Minorities in World Politics. By Mart Martin. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2000. 466 p.
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The section on women in Canada (pp. 61–65) includes a list of the first women to hold important political, government, legislative and judicial positions, and women who provided "notable service in cabinet".
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Canadian Women in Government. In:
Celebrating Women's Achievements... Government. By Library and Archives Canada. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/women/002026-800-e.html
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Lists "First Women" to hold key federal, provincial, and territorial positions and links to a photograph and short biography with reference list for further reading on each one.
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Canadian Women of Note (C.W.O.N.). Comp. by the Media Club of Canada. Toronto: Institute for Social Research, York University, 1994. 2 vols., 1108 p.
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Brief biographical sketches on "well-known Canadian women", from 1867 on.
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The International Who's Who of Canadian Women 2002. 3rd ed. London: Europa Publications, 1992 - .
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Profiles over 5,500 women from all occupations, including politics. There is an index by profession.
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Leading Ladies Canada. By Jean Bannerman. Belleville, ON: Mika Publishing, 1977. 581 p.
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Chapter 10 on politics is a biographical essay on dozens of women active in federal, provincial and local politics.
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Ministers Responsible for the Status of Women. Library of Parliament. http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Compilations/FederalGovernment/MinistersResponsible.aspx?Ministry=&Responsability=eba36919-4424-48d7-8775-f960925c99e9
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A list of federal Cabinet Ministers and their portfolio responsible for the Status of Women from 1971 to the present. Clicking on the name leads to biographical information.
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Who's Who of Canadian Women. Toronto: Trans-Canada Press, 1983 – . Available in print and on CD-ROM.
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Provides brief biographical entries for women in all fields nominated by editorial staff and the public.
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Women in Cabinet, Women in the House of Commons, and Women in the Senate: Current List and Historical List . By the Information and Documentation Branch, Library of Parliament. http://www.parl.gc.ca/
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Click on "Senators and Members" to see these current and historical lists. For each name there is a brief biography including date and place of birth, profession, party affiliation, dates elected, parliamentary functions, committee membership, and a photograph. For current members contact information is also provided.
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Women in Federal Politics: A Bio-Bibliography. By Gwynneth Evans. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1975. 81 p.
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Provides a short biographical sketch of 41 women members of the House of Commons and Senate since 1921 as well as a brief bibliography of their writings and a general bibliography on women in Canadian federal politics.
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Women in the Provincial and Territorial Legislatures: Historical List. By the Information and Documentation Branch, Library of Parliament. http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/compilations/ProvinceTerritory/Women.aspx?Language=E
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Each woman is listed with her constituency, political party, portfolios, and term of office.
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See also the Note on Major Biographies in Part 2: Facts & Figures of this guide.
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Statistics:
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Women and Men in Canada: A Statistical Glance. Ottawa: Status of Women Canada, 2003. 32 p.
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This is a statistical package put together by Statistics Canada on many aspects of life, including the distribution of positions of power, income, etc.
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Women in Canada: A Gender-based Statistical Report. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2006. 309 p. 5th ed. Cat.#89-503-XPE. Updated approximately every 5 years. 1st ed. 1985. Title varies. http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/89-503-XIE/0010589-503-XIE.pdf
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A major compilation of general statistics on women, covering topics like health, population, criminal system, income, education, etc.
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Women in Politics. Inter-Parliamentary Union. http://www.ipu.org/iss-e/women.htm
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Under the heading: "Women in National Parliaments" this site provides the percentages of women in national parliaments by country and region, from 1997 to the present.
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WomenWatch. Inter-Agency Network on Women and Gender Equality (LANWGE), United Nations. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/
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This UN site provides links to statistics and social indicators related to women worldwide including regional averages of women in government from the IPU and more. See Topic: "Women in Power and Decision Making".
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The World's Women 2000: Trends and Statistics. 3rd ed. New York: United Nations, 2000. 180 p.
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Chapter 6: "Human Rights and Political Decision-making" has tables of statistics and analysis showing women under-represented in parliaments, governments, ministerial positions, and as heads of state or government.
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Provincial and territorial statistics related to women:
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Statistics Canada and the departments and agencies in each province responsible for women's issues publish provincial/territorial compilations of statistics related to women.
Some examples: Selected Statistics on Ontario Women, Women in Prince Edward Island: A Statistical Review, Women in Newfoundland and Labrador: A Statistical Compendium, Report Card on the Status of Women in New Brunswick, etc.
TIP:
Search your library's catalogue using the keywords in the subject field: statistics and women and [the name of the province] to find these.
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Finding Aids:
Finding Data on Women: A Guide to the Major Data Sources at Statistics Canada. By Marcia Almey, Target Groups Analysis Project, Statistics Canada. Ottawa: Status of Women Canada, 2007. 139,143 p. Eng/Fre http://www.swc-cfc.gc.ca/pubs/pubspr/0662498377/200703_0662498377_1_e.html
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Provides pointers on how to find major statistical surveys, analytical articles, books, and other Statistics Canada data sources that include statistical information on women in Canada.
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NOTE: Use for general social statistics; not specific to government or politics.
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Overview & Background Information
A brief backgrounder by the non-profit group Equal Voice provides a good introduction to the issues: Women in Canadian Politics Backgrounder. 2007. 5 p. http://www.equalvoice.ca/uploads/264_461e5a8e632ed.pdf
See also the National Association of Women and the Law (NAWL) web site which has good background material prepared for the National Roundtable on Women and Politics 2003 including several information sheets on issues such as the effects of different electoral systems on women's representation, women's access to political office, etc. and the 27-page background paper by Jackie Steele: The Context for a National Roundtable on Women and Politics in 2003. See under "Research and Working Papers: http://www.nawl.ca/ns/en/publications.html
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Encyclopedias:
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Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge. Ed. by Cheris Kramarae and Dale Spender. 4 vols. New York: Routledge, 2000.
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This general encyclopedia on women and women's issues includes articles on government, politics and political participation which provide a good overview of the issues in Canada and the rest of the world.
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Annual Reviews:
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Textbooks (Selected Titles):
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In the Presence of Women: Representation in Canadian Governments. Ed. by Jane Arscott and Linda Trimble. Toronto: Harcourt Brace, 1997. 387 p.
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An excellent book covering major themes related to women in Canadian government and politics. Includes women's representation in aboriginal self-government and women in provincial political systems.
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Still Counting: Women in Politics Across Canada. By Linda Trimble and Jane Arscott. Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press, 2003. 210 p.
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Accompanying web site provides updates.
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Toeing the Lines: Women and Party Politics in English Canada. By S. B. Bashevkin. 2nd ed. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1993. 182 p.
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Women and Electoral Politics in Canada. Ed. by Manon Tremblay and Linda Trimble. Don Mills, ON: Oxford University Press, 2003. 256 p.
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Has articles from top scholars in the field.
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Women and Political Representation in Canada. Ed. by Manon Tremblay and Caroline Andrew. Women's Studies Series, No. 2. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1998. 372 p.
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A collection of 12 essays on women's political involvement in traditional and non-traditional ways.
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Women and Politics in Canada. By Janine Brodie. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1985. 145 p.
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One of the first textbooks on this topic, frequently cited.
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Women and Politics in Canada. By Heather MacIvor. Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press, 1996. 413 p.
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Intended as an introductory text for 1st-year university students, this book covers women and public policy as well as women in politics.
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Parliamentary and Legislative Research Papers:
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Female Representation in the Senate, the House of Commons, and Provincial and Territorial Legislative Assemblies. By Elaine Campbell. Current Issue Paper 56. Toronto: Ontario Legislative Library, Research and Information Services, 2001. 31 p.
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Includes many tables showing the level of female representation in the federal and provincial government with background notes, international comparisons, and a bibliography.
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The Gender Gap: Women's Political Power. By John Terry. Current Issue Review 84-17E. Ottawa: Library of Parliament, 1984. 15 p.
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How Can Present Imbalances in the Participation of Men and Women in Political Life be Redressed? By Francoise Coulombe. Ottawa: Library of Parliament, Research Branch, 1995. 12 p.
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Women In Parliament. By Julie Cool. PRB-05-62E. Ottawa: Parliamentary Information and Research Branch, Library of Parliament. Feb. 2006. 14 p. ttp://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0562-e.htm
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Women Parliamentarians: Is There a Path to a Gender-balanced Parliament? By Elaine Campbell. Background Paper 0189/97-98. Toronto: Ontario Legislative Library, 1997. 7 p.
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